background: various responses and different prognosis to specific treatment in different patients from one hand, and importance of ifn-γ producer cells on the other hand impressed us to study tc1. methods: the study was conducted in ghaem medical center and bu-ali research institute, mashhad university of medical sciences, iran from 2001 to 2002. lymphocytes of 36 patients were counted and cult...

P- and E-selectin mediate CD4+ Th1 cell migration into the inflamed skin in a murine contact hypersensitivity model. In this model, not only CD4+ T cells but also CD8+ T cells infiltrate the inflamed skin, and the role of CD8+ type 1 cytotoxic T (Tc1) cells as effector cells has been demonstrated. Here we show that in mice deficient in both P- and E-selectin, the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in...

Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome (DS) is the most common form of human aneuploid disorder. Increase in the copy number of human chromosome 21 genes leads to several alterations including mental retardation, heart and skeletal dysmorphologies with additional physiological defects. To better understand the genotype and phenotype relationships, several mouse models have been developed, including the tr...

The requirements for CD8 T cells to provide protection against a localized virus infection in models of adoptive immunotherapy are not well defined. Here we investigated the protective value of defined in vitro-generated hemagglutinin (HA) peptide-specific primary CD8 T cell effectors from the clone 4 T cell receptor transgenic mice, secreting type 1 or type 2 cytokines, against pulmonary infec...

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder arising from the presence of a third copy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). Recently, O'Doherty et al. [An aneuploid mouse strain carrying human chromosome 21 with Down syndrome phenotypes. Science 309 (2005) 2033-2037] generated a trans-species aneuploid mouse line (Tc1) that carries an almost complete Hsa21. The Tc1 mouse is the most complete animal mode...

The 1.6 kb Tc1 transposable element of Caenorhabditis elegans undergoes excision and transposition in the germline. In somatic tissue it is excised at high frequency. Extrachromosomal linear and circular copies of Tc1 have been identified that are likely to be products of somatic and germline excision. In the present study, we have determined the sequences of the sites of circularization in cir...

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder arising from the presence of a third copy of the human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). Recently, O'Doherty and colleagues in an earlier study generated a new genetic mouse model of DS (Tc1) that carries an almost complete Hsa21. Since DS is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation, we have undertaken a detailed analysis of cognitive function and synapt...

The Tc1 transposon of Caenorhabditis elegans always integrates into the sequence TA, but some TA sites are preferred to others. We investigated a TA target site from the gpa-2 gene of C.elegans that was previously found to be preferred (hot) for Tc1 integration in vivo . This site with its immediate flanks was cloned into a plasmid, and remained hot in vitro , showing that sequences immediately...

Memory CD8+ T cells are ideal candidates for cancer immunotherapy because they can mediate long-term protection against tumors. However, the therapeutic potential of different in vitro-generated CD8+ T cell effector subsets to persist and become memory cells has not been fully characterized. Type 1 CD8+ T (Tc1) cells produce interferon-γ and are endowed with high cytotoxic capacity, whereas IL-...

To evaluate the direct effect of adenosine on cytokine-polarized effector T cells, murine type 1 helper T cells (Th1) and type 1 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc1) and Th2/Tc2 cells were generated using an antigen-presenting cell (APC)-free method. Tc1 and Tc2 cells had similar adenosine signaling, as measured by intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) increase upon adenosine A(2A) receptor agonism by CGS21...