We study optimal taxation of savings in an economy where agents face self-control problems, and we allow the severity of self-control to change over the life cycle. We focus on quasi-hyperbolic discounting with constant elasticity of intertemporal substitution utility functions and linear Markov equilibria. We derive explicit formulas for optimal taxes that implement the efficient (commitment) ...

Under Oregon’s 1989 legislative package, the Medicaid portion of the Oregon Health Plan was only one of its two critical pieces. The other was the requirement that employers provide insurance to employees, with the prioritized list as the minimal benefit package. Small businesses lobbied for the repeal of this part of the legislation, and on January 1, 1996, it died. Gone was the hope of nearly...

Public transport systems have to balance financial sustainability with a need to provide affordable services, in particular to lower-income populations. In reality, meeting both goals is difficult, with transport systems either relying on high levels of subsidies or charging transit fares that are too expensive for the city’s poor. This note describes the opportunities associated with the use o...

Objective Targeting rural outreach services to areas of highest relative need is challenging because of the higher costs it imposes on health workers to travel longer distances. This paper studied whether subsidies have the potential to support the provision of specialist outreach services into more remote locations. Methods National data about subsidies for medical specialist outreach provider...

in regard to both implementation of the second phase of targeted subsidises and the effect of inflation resulted from first phase of it on economic of country, inflation content estimation on economic of country especially agriculture sector is necessary. in this research effect of increasing price of energy carriers on inflation in various reproduction sectors such as agriculture was investiga...

Foreign exchange inflow plays a crucial role in rural poverty reduction and economic growth developing countries. Taking China as an example, the authors analyzed of labor migration agricultural foreign alleviating poverty. Based on time series data from 1980 to 2021, this paper investigated historical incidence China. Moreover, effects development, dynamic were deeply by using autoregressive d...

BACKGROUND Much research has shown an association between homelessness and unstable housing and HIV risk but most has relied on relatively narrow definitions of housing status that preclude a deeper understanding of this relationship. Fewer studies have examined access to housing subsidies and supportive housing programs among low-income populations with different personal characteristics. This...

The total expenditure on central schemes for the poor and on the major subsidies exceeds the states’ share of central taxes. These schemes are chronic bad performers due to a culture of immunity in public administration and weakened local governments. Arguing that the poor should be trusted to use these resources better than the state, a radical redirection with substantial direct transfers to ...

Many countries have introduced vehicle scrappage programs to motivate consumers replace their old cars earlier. Since these are generally offered over a given period of time, policy makers need plan for inter-temporal subsidies. Considering two-period game between strategic and the government, we determine optimal subsidy levels. Our results demonstrate that level in second is higher than first...

Mortgage markets are coming of age in a number of Eastern Europe and CIS countries. As they do, governments are looking to mortgage-loan associated subsidy schemes to respond to the popular demand for improved housing. This paper presents a detailed examination of the impact of two types of subsidy schemes—mortgage interest rate write-downs, both universal and income-targeted, and income-target...