the development of combination therapy is a coherent approach in severe pain treatment. the present study investigated the antinociceptive effect of pregabalin alone and in combination with tramadol in acute pain modeling. therefore, three groups of male mice received either pregabalin (1 to 400 mg/kg), tramadol (10 to 80 mg/kg) or their combination intraperitoneally. then latency time, maximum...

conclusions according to our findings, 3% equisetum arvense ointment promoted wound healing and relieved pain during the 10-day period after episiotomy. since this study was the first to assess the effects of equisetum arvense ointment on wound healing and pain intensity following episiotomy in humans, further research is warranted to fully clarify the beneficial effects of prepared ointment. r...

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tens) is an analgesia inducing method with increasing applications in clinical procedures. in this study we tried to evaluate the role of the adrenergic system and its different adrenoceptor subtypes in tens-induced analgesia. two types of low and high frequency electrical stimuli were used in rats through needle electrodes, inserted at the base of t...

calendula of.cinalis (asteraceae) is widely used in traditional medicine as an anti-in.ammatory agent and has also been reported to have anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-viral activities.  sesquiterpene glycosides, saponins, triol, triterpenes and .avonoids are observed in its composition. the present study was designed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of ca...