Citation: Velasquez LN, Stüve P, Gentilini MV, Swallow M, Bartel J, Lycke NY, Barkan D, Martina M, Lujan HD, Kalay H, van Kooyk Y, Sparwasser TD and Berod L (2018) Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens to Dendritic Cells via the DC-Specific-ICAM3-GrabbingNonintegrin Receptor Induces Strong T-Helper 1 Immune Responses. Front. Immunol. 9:471. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00471 Targeting Mycoba...

Background T helper (Th) 9 cells are a novel subset of Th that develop independently from Th2 and characterized by the secretion interleukin (IL)-9. Studies have suggested involvement Th9 in variable diseases such as allergic pulmonary (eg, asthma, chronic obstructive airway disease, rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, hypoplasia), metabolic acute leukemia, myelocytic breast cancer, lung melanoma, pa...

sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder of unidentified etiology, with a heterogeneous clinical presentation. it is characterized by a reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity to tuberculin and common antigens. the balance between th1, th17 and regulatory t(treg) cells controls t-cell proliferation and activation.the th17/treg ratio in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid...

Although cooperative interactions between helper T cells and B-cell precursors have been extensively characterized (1, 2), the role of helper T cells in the triggering and differentiation of cytotexic T-cell precursors remains ambiguous. Several laboratories have described synergistic interactions between T cells recognizing H-2K or D antigens (SD) and T cells recognizing Ia antigens (LD); incr...

gamma gene rearrangements similar to those described for cytotoxic T cell lines are found in L3T4+, autoreactive, or KLH-specific cloned helper T cell lines. High levels of gamma RNA transcripts were, in addition, detected in four out of five L3T4+, class II MHC-specific, autoreactive T cell clones, and in at least one of three KLH-specific, class II MHC-restricted clones. This contrasts with p...

Mycosis fungoides, the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), is characterized by a helper T-cell 2 (Th2) skewing with a mature CD4(+) memory T-cell phenotype. Using skin samples from patients with mycosis fungoides (n = 21), healthy volunteers (n = 17), and individuals with atopic dermatitis (n = 17) and psoriasis (n = 9), we found IL32 mRNA expression significantly higher in my...

Antigen-specific T helper cells present in peripheral blood at very low frequencies are capable of rapid clonal expansion during antigenic challenge. The exquisite specificity of this response provides for activation and expansion of a very select cohort of T cells, a feature we have used to directly identify and quantify human epitope-specific T helper cells from peripheral blood. Soluble tetr...

T helper 2 (Th2) cells are pivotal in the development of allergy. Allergen exposure primes IL-4+ Th2 cells in lymph node, but production of effector cytokines including IL-5 and IL-13 is thought to require additional signals from antigen and the environment. Here we report that a substantial proportion of naive CD4+ T cells in spleen and lymph node express receptors for the epithelium-derived i...