Canonical abstraction is a static analysis technique that represents states as 3-valued logical structures, and is able to construct finite representations of systems with infinite statespaces for verification. The granularity of the abstraction can be altered by the definition of instrumentation predicates, which derive their meaning from other predicates. We introduce shape predicates for pre...

objectives: word definitional skills (wdss) were classified according to the quality of both semantic content and syntactic form. the aim of the present study was to investigate the syntactic development in wdss in typically developing school- age children. methods: in this cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study,  150 of typically developing school-age children participated by the  mu...

This paper discusses language variation from a minimalist perspective. Building on work from MacDonald (2006, 2008a,b), I discuss a clustering of inner aspectual properties from English eventive predicates, which Russian lacks. Interestingly, English statives also lack this cluster. I offer an account for the presence vs. absence of this aspectual cluster in terms of the presence vs. absence of...

Syntax is a part of linguistics that studies how words are combined into sentences and phrases. In this study, we focus on analyzing the syntax noun phrases in Indonesian. We use treebank analysis technique to identify syntactic structure Study results show Indonesian have complex varied structures context types play an important role influencing These findings for understanding formed understo...