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PURPOSE To summarize the clinical, neuroradiologic, and genetic observations in a group of patients with unilateral synergistic divergence (SD). METHODS Five unrelated patients with unilateral SD underwent ophthalmic and orthoptic examinations; three of them also had magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbits. Three patients underwent genetic evaluation of genes known to affect ocular...

Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders are a group of diseases caused by abnormal development of cranial nerve nuclei or their axonal connections, resulting in aberrant innervation of the ocular and facial musculature. Its diagnosis could be facilitated by the development of high resolution thin-section magnetic resonance imaging. The purpose of this review is to describe the method to vis...

We propose an algorithm for optimal clustering and nonuniform allocation of Gaussian Kernels in scalar (feature) dimension to compress complex, Gaussian mixture-based, continuous density HMMs into computationally efficient, small footprint models. The symmetric Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) is used as the universal distortion measure and it is minimized in both kernel clustering and allocat...

The Boltzmann machine (BM) learning rule for random field models with latent variables can be problematic to use in practice. These problems have (at least partially) been attributed to the negative phase in BM learning where a Gibbs sampling chain should be run to equilibrium. Hinton (1999, 2000) has introduced an alternative called contrastive divergence (CD) learning where the chain is run f...

In this work an approach is described to efficiently reduce inaccuracies of flow data acquired with reduced data acquisition methods based on the physical prior knowledge of zero divergence in 3D velocity vector fields. The divergence-free condition is implemented using a synergistic combination of normalized convolution and divergence-free radial basis functions. The efficacy of the method is ...

DIVERGE is a software system for phylogeny-based analyses of protein family evolution and functional divergence. It provides a suite of statistical tools for selection and prioritization of the amino acid sites that are responsible for the functional divergence of a gene family. The synergistic efforts of DIVERGE and other methods have convincingly demonstrated that the pattern of rate change a...

Given a pair of predictor variables and a response variable, how much information do the predictors have about the response, and how is this information distributed between unique, redundant, and synergistic components? Recent work has proposed to quantify the unique component of the decomposition as the minimum value of the conditional mutual information over a constrained set of information c...