Event-related brain potentials in response to harmonically inappropriate chords were compared for musical experts and novices. Similar to previous studies, these chords elicited an early right anterior negativity (ERAN). The amplitude of the ERAN was clearly larger for musical experts than for novices, presumably because experts had more specific musical expectancies than novices. Chords with a...

A number of authors have attempted to defend ecologic (aggregate) studies by claiming that the goal of those studies is estimation of ecologic (contextual or group-level) effects rather than individual-level effects. Critics of these attempts point out that ecologic effect estimates are inevitably used as estimates of individual effects, despite disclaimers. A more subtle problem is that ecolog...

Widespread inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics in UK hospitals has led to the introduction of specialist antibiotic pharmacists. Their role is to monitor antibiotic use, advise clinicians, educate all grades of healthcare workers and help to develop policy. Antibiotic pharmacists have been shown to be effective in many situations. As these practitioners become more accomplished it will be ...

The experience of an emotion considered to be culturally unique (i.e., Japanese Amae) was tested in the United States, where there is no word to describe the concept. North American and Japanese participants read scenarios in which a friend made an inappropriate request (Amae), made no request, or made the request to another friend. Both American and Japanese participants felt more positive emo...

Patient safety is a crucial element for quality care in hemodialysis facilities. When evaluating possible threats to safety, an important factor to consider is the behavior of the healthcare staff. Inappropriate behaviors, such as bullying, have been associated with poor clinical outcomes. In addressing inappropriate behaviors, it is necessary to consider the role of the work environment. Healt...

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is the most common disease leading to hyponatremia, and it is characterized by an inappropriately elevated serum ADH level relative to serum osmolality. This syndrome may occur in a variety of clinical settings including malignancies. However, it is rarely observed in association with prostate cancer. Moreover, its pathogenesis an...