expansible soils are those which will suffer considerable swelling and volume change when subjected to water. the resulting swelling pressure may cause complete destruction of such light structures as irrigation canal linings, floor slabs, etc. based upon previous investigations, swelling of clayey soils has been blamed for failure of many irrigation canals in iran and in other countries of the...

1. The swelling and the osmotic pressure of gelatin at pH 4.7 have been measured in the presence of a number of salts. 2. The effect of the salts on the swelling is closely paralleled by the effect on the osmotic pressure, and the bulk modulus of the gelatin particles calculated from these figures is constant up to an increase in volume of about 800 per cent. As soon as any of the salts increas...

Polyelectrolyte gels are known to undergo significant conformational changes in response to external stimuli such as pH, temperature, or the dielectric constant. Specifically, an increase of the degree of ionization associated with an increasing number of counterions leads to swelling of the network. For a macroscopically large gel, which is electrostatically neutral in its interior, swelling i...

Presence of swelling soils under the foundations of civil engineering structures particularly lightly loaded structures has caused serious damages around the globe due to their differential up heaving. In this paper, based on the results of swell tests on bentonite mixed clay, correlations for predicting the swelling parameters (i.e., swell potential and swell pressure) have been proposed. Mixi...

Polysaccharides, even non-ionic ones, swell in water with potentially huge pressure, which can be sources of intended actuation or a cause structural damage. The swelling pressure has been investigated since the 19th century, and thermodynamic considerations developed at beginning 20th century. Such treatment is revisited currently available data showing to mostly enthalpy driven. molecular ori...

Background Context: In the United States, the most prevalent cause of disability of workers under 45 years of age is low back pain. Past research suggests that there is a link between low back pain and intervertebral disc degeneration. One of the earliest known components of disc degeneration is a decrease in proteoglycan content in the nucleus pulposus, which in turn leads to changes in mechan...