dibutyl phthalate (dbp) is a phthalic acid ester and is widely used in polymeric products to make them more flexible. dbp is found in almost every plastic material and is believed to be persistent in the environment. various analytical methods have been used to measure dbp in different matrices. considering the ubiquitous nature of dbp, the most important challenge in dbp analyses is the contam...

Rokitansky syndrome is a developmental defect characterized by agenesis of the uterus and vagina but normal gonads and secondary sexual characters. It is not commonly transmitted as a dominant genetic trait. Surrogacy, which is legally and ethically accepted in the UK and other countries, has made it possible for the patients with this syndrome to have their own genetic children. Six patients w...

True unicornuate uterus-Pseudounicornuate uterus Figure 1. Later HSG demonstrates apparently unicornuate uterus with normal left fallopian tube. Figure 2. First hysterosalpingography (HSG) showed a apparently unicornuate uterus with normal fallopian tubes. A 27 year old patient presented with primary infertility of 3 years' duration and also a history of myomectomy (5 years ago) was referred to...

This short chapter introduces the SURROGATE data type, which is useful when modeling time-varying objects. Surrogates are unique identifiers that can be compared for equality, but the values of which cannot be seen by the users. In this sense, a surrogate is “pure” identity and does not describe a property (i.e., it has no observable value). For this reason, a SURROGATE data type cannot be trea...

nonlinear knapsack problems (nkp) are the alternative formulation for the multiple-choice knapsack problems. a powerful approach for solving nkp is dynamic programming which may obtain the global op-timal solution even in the case of discrete solution space for these problems. despite the power of this solu-tion approach, it computationally performs very slowly when the solution space of the pr...

A special class of the knapsack problem is called the separable nonlinear knapsack problem. This problem has received considerable attention recently because of its numerous applications. Dynamic programming is one of the basic approaches for solving this problem. Unfortunately, the size of state-pace will dramatically increase and cause the dimensionality problem. In this paper, an efficient a...

background: hyperprolactinemia is a common side effect of antipsychotic drugs that requires further investigation. the current study was designed to evaluate dose-dependent effect of chlorpromazine (cpz) on hormonal changes and uterine horn histological structure in rats. moreover, the mammary glands were analyzed to show hyperprolactinemia-induced histological changes. methods: albino wistar r...

in this study, we demonstrate the appearance of anatomic defects of the uterine cavity on hsg after cesarian section. we define different shapes such as thin linear defect, focal saccular outpouching, unilateral or bilateral diverticula (dog-ear like) and fistula and different locations such as the uterine body, lower uterine segment, uterine isthmus and the upper endocervical canal. cesarean s...

background: studies have shown that physalis alkekengi reduces implantation and induces antifertility in rat. in iranian traditional medicine it is believed that this plant has abortifacient and antifertility activities. objective: the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of physalis alkekengi ripe fruit hydroalcoholic extract (pfe) on uterine contractility and its possible mechanism(s...