This paper outlines intelligent PID design for DCS. The design includes a PID algorithm with diverse standard options and algorithm extensions for wireless/event-driven control and for surge control. The core of the PID intelligence is adaptive process modeling based on model switching and parameter interpolation. The developed process model is applied to loop tuning, adaptive control, loop per...

As far as the design of SPDs is concerned, the need exists for simplifying its circuit structure in fulfilment of the prerequisite condition of protective reliability. The circuit simplification for SPDs is of benefit to lower the cost of manufacture and reduce the size of chassis. Considering that the traditional SPD that has been extensively used on single-phase AC power supply lines requires...

CaCiiuAing ~lt.0 ,~,o;-e s;irge-pi-o;efiiiie devices located r p y ~ c t i ~ ~ l y rrt the serl@ce e ! ! ~ m c e c>f CI building ar~d near the sensitive equipment is intended to ensure that each device shares the surge stress in an manner commensurate with its rating, to achieve reliable protection of equipment against surges impinging fi-om the utility supply as well as internally generated su...

Metal oxide surge arresters (ZNO) are used widely in power system to protect equipments from over voltages. Non uniform potential distribution leads to the depressed service life and low safe reliability, so grading ring is applied on HV surge arrester order to uniform the electric field distribution. One of the problems of arresters is leakage current in power frequency that different paramet...

Automotive manufacturers are showing an increasing preference for hybrid powertrains based on advanced gasoline engines. The most extended solution to improve fuel economy in these engines consists downsizing with direct injection, while turbocharging is required compensate the consequent power loss. However, associated different issues, such as compressor surge. It can appear during fast throt...

In this paper, a novel control approach is designed for surge instability in the compressor system using finite-time adaptive sliding mode scheme. The primary novelty of study lies development avoidance presence disturbance and uncertainty characteristic curve also throttle valve. Lyapunov method utilized to verify stability closed-loop system. performance presented compared against other metho...

In this paper we evaluate the actuator rate requirements for control of rotating stall using a bleed valve and provide tools for predicting these requirements. Modiication of both the stable and unstable parts of the compressor characteristic via addition of continuous air injection serves to reduce the requirement of a bleed valve used for the purpose of rotating stall stabilization. Analytica...

The torque response of the engine is important for the driving experience of a vehicle. In spark ignited engines, torque is proportional to the air flow into the cylinders. Controlling torque therefore implies controlling air flow. In modern turbocharged engines, the driver commands are interpreted by an electronic control unit that controls the engine through electromechanical and pneumatic ac...