the water hammer phenomenon in hydroelectric power plant’s penstock is one of the famous troubles which have been an interest for researchers. hence this phenomenon can cause many harmful effects on pipe lines and turbine, it is essential that effects of these surges along with line and turbine have been studied and suitable methods for controlling presented. in this way one of the most effecti...

Due to the increasing use of renewable energy sources, and counter effects fossil fuels, dispatchable hydro power can be used for balancing load generation from intermittent sources (solar wind). During higher percentage change in acceptance or rejection grid, operations surge tanks are crucial terms water mass oscillation hammer pressure, avoid wear tear actuators other equipment, such as turb...

A surge tank, as one of the most common control facilities, is applied to head pressure levels in long pressurized pipelines during water hammer occurrence. The cost-effective operation tanks highly affected by their characteristics (i.e., tank diameter and inlet tanks) can effectively reduce repercussion hammers. This investigation utilized method (MOC) order simulate behavior transient flow a...

Buffer tanks are widely used within the process industry to prevent flow variations from being directly propagated throughout a plant. The capacity of the tank is used to smoothly transfer inlet flow upsets to the outlet. Ideally, the tank thus works as a low pass filter where the available tank capacity limits the achievable flow smoothing. For infrequently occurring upsets, where the system h...

Let S be a set of n points in Rd in general position. A set H of k-flats is called an mk-stabber of S if the relative interior of any m-simplex with vertices in S is intersected by at least one element of H. In this paper we give lower and upper bounds on the size of minimum mk-stabbers of point sets in Rd and in general position. We study mainly mk-stabbers in the plane and in R3.

It is considered the mathematical model of a benchmark hydroelectric power plant containing water reservoir (lake), two conduits (the tunnel and turbine penstock), surge tank hydraulic turbine; all distributed (Darcy-Weisbach) local losses are neglected,the only energy dissipator remains throttling tank. Exponential stability would require asymptotic difference operator associated to model. How...