Background and Aim: Fractured metal-ceramic restorations may be repaired with composite in some cases to postpone the fabrication of a new restoration. Knowledge about the bond strength can help predict the success rate of this treatment modality. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of two types of mechanical surface treatment of metal along with the use of different adhesive systems...

Careful preparation and cleaning of various types of components is indispensable prior to their surface treatment or final assembly. Various surface treatment operations that require such care include vacuum deposition, electrodeposition, electroless deposition, various dip coatings, etc. Surface preparation is essential for achieving good and firmly adhered coatings. Trace of residual surface ...

soil organic matter has positive consequences eht rof quality and productivityof soil and also environment, agricultural and biological sustainability and conservation ofbiodiversity and soil. organic matter plays an important role in the physical and chemicalprocesses of soil and thus, it is of a great effect on the spectral characteristics of soil. thisstudy was done in order to develop the m...

ethoxylated fatty acids or polyoxyethylene esters of fatty acids possess surface active characteristic depending on ethoxylation degree (glycol type used).they have a wide range of applications and are known by formulated trade names.fatty acids used as starting materials are obtained by the hydrolysis of fats and oils and thus the final products are fully biodegradable.the objective of this in...

Background and Aim: Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation has been suggested as an effective method of cavity preparation and surface treatment to enhance the bond strength. The aim of this study was to assess the microshear bond strength of Fuji II LC glass ionomer (GI) cement to primary dentin following bur preparation and Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation. Materials and Methods: This in vitro, experimental stu...

Adhesion strength of exterior or interior coating of steel pipes is too important. Increasing of coating adhesion on surfaces can increase the life time of coating, safety factor of transmitting line pipe and decreasing the rate of corrosion and costs. Preparation of steel pipe surfaces before doing the coating process is done by shot and grit blasting. This is a mechanical way to do it. Some e...