numerical investigation of 3d electrokinetic mixing through micromixer has performed both qualitatively and quantitatively. in order to reduce numerical expenses of 3d flows, we implement the helmholtz-smoluchowski method for the numerical modeling of electroosmotic flows. according to the previous study of electrokinetic mixing inside the heterogeneous microchannels, existence of the vortexes ...

We determined with anisotropic hypernetted chain theory the effective pressure and counterion excess of two oppositely charged surfaces immersed in an electrolyte solution. These thermodynamic properties are enhanced in surfaces with evenly smeared surface charges with respect to those containing confined mobile charges. For low surface charges and moderate reservoir salt concentration ions are...

introduction althoughthere is a consensus that the economic burden of burn injury is high, but few studies have conducted about cost of burns injury among pediatric in developing countries. we explored the main factors influencing on hospital costs and length of stay (los) associated with pediatric burns injury in kermanshah, iran. methods and material we performed a review ofmedical records fr...

As a droplet moves, due to evaporation at the surface, the droplet size is gradually reduced. Due to decreasing the size of the droplets moving in the spray core, the surface charges become closer and the repulsive force between the charges increases. When the Coulombic force overcomes the surface tension force (Rayleigh instability) the droplet breaks into smaller droplets (Coulomb fission). T...

Here, we model a negatively charged lipid vesicle, composed of a mixture of bipolar tetraether and diester (or diether) phospholipid molecules, by a spherical shell that has zero ion permeability. We take into consideration all the charge-charge interactions between intra-vesicular ions, extra-vesicular ions, and membrane lipid associated charges. Monte Carlo simulations result in homogeneous a...

A charge gradient microscopy (CGM) probe was used to collect surface screening charges on poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] thin films. These charges are naturally formed on unscreened ferroelectric domains in ambient condition. The CGM data were used to map the local electric current originating from the collected surface charges on the poled ferroelectric domains in th...

Carboxymethylated cotton might provide an eco-friendly novel approach to impart different functions to fabric by crosslinking or self-assembly deposition of nanolayers. The anionic content of carboxymethylated cotton was determined by acid-base titration. Two interrelated methods of surface electrochemistry for anionic cotton fabrics were investigated in this paper. Measurement of surface charg...

A general approach to transfer water-soluble nanoparticles with different shapes, sizes, and surface charges into organic solvents, retaining their surface charge properties was developed, and its application in fabrication of hybrid Janus particles with opposite charges in solution was also demonstrated.

In this paper, the excitation of surface waves in the presence of interface charges is discussed. Interface charges affect the dispersion of surface waves, and therefore they can be used in various applications such as optical modulators, switches, sensors and filters. These waves can be superior to surface plasmon waves since they are not lossy. The lossless property is satisfied in a limited ...

The effect of air/AlGaN and GaN/substrate polarization charges on the performances of GaN-based HEMTs have been investigated. We find that surface charges and, with a minor extend, GaN/substrate charges are responsible for the observed premature saturation of the dc output characteristics. Moreover, our work show that the polarization charges and holes trap appear as the source of the drain cur...