PURPOSE To determine the anatomical landmark within the internal oblique muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a prospective study, the abdominal wall was examined for internal oblique muscle land marks in 900 patients undergoing laparatomy. RESULTS There was a fat line at anterior superior iliac spine level to access the underlying layers and then to the abdominal cavity. CONCLUSION A fat tri...

The proprioceptive inputs from the cervical musculature play an important role in head-eye co-ordination and postural processes. Deep cervical muscles in humans are shown to have high spindle content. The density, distribution and morphology of muscle spindles were studied in superior oblique capitis, inferior oblique capitis and rectus capitis posterior major and minor three small suboccipital...

PURPOSE To clarify the efficacy of a surgical strategy based on the superior oblique tendon traction test. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed between January 2002 and June 2015. During that period, a single inferior oblique muscle (IO) myectomy and a combined IO myectomy and superior oblique muscle (SO) tuck procedure were performed based on SO tendon looseness as revealed by ...

B. P., female, aged 14 years, admitted to the Worcester Eye Hospital on February 28, 1952, for operation to overcome congenital inaction of the right external rectus. There was no movement of the right eye beyond the mid-line when looking right but 5A right hyperphoria was produced by the attempt. In the primary position there was no hyperphoria. Spectacles were worn for slight convergent strab...

1) The author established the representation of the lower motor center of all the extrinsic ocular muscles by means of HRP labeling in the rat. 2) The muscles which are supplied by the neurons on both sides of the oculomotor nuclei are the levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus, superior oblique and lateral rectus. 3) The muscles which ar...

purpose: superior oblique palsy is a common cause of paralytic strabismus. this disorder causes diplopia, head posture and facial asymmetry. this retrospective study reviews patient with superior oblique (so) palsy operated at labbafinejad medical center from 1997 to 2007. methods: in this descriptive study, records of patients with so palsy scheduled for surgery were reviewed. forced duction t...

INTRODUCTION Patients with superior oblique muscle palsy often assume a compensatory head tilt to the contralateral side of the affected eye. This tilt serves to decrease the hypertropia and, in theory, might decrease the excyclotropia. METHODS A prospective investigation was undertaken of the effect of forced head tilt to the right and left on torsion and the hypertropia in patients with uni...

PURPOSE To establish the surgical results and residual symptoms in 48 cases with unilateral congenital superior oblique muscle palsy that had surgical intervention to the vertical muscles alone. METHODS Myectomy and concomitant disinsertion of the inferior oblique (IO) muscle was performed in 38 cases and myectomy and concomitant IO disinsertion and recession of the superior rectus muscle in ...

Some reports have outlined many different treatment strategies for superior oblique myokymia (SOM) that attempt to reduce or eliminate patients' symptoms of monocular oscillopsia and/or diplopia. Most treatment strategies have focused solely on oral medications or invasive surgery. The following is a current and critical review of SOM along with its clinical findings/symptoms, demographics, the...