The work described here is based on a comparative study of carotenoids and fatty acids extracted from Synechococcus sp. with 1) pure supercritical CO2; 2) CO2 with 5% (v/v) ethanol as cosolvent; and 3) ultrasound-assisted extraction using N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The effects of extraction conditions on supercritical CO2 extraction with and within cosolvent were analyzed at different temper...

BACKGROUND Garlic oil which is the main active constituent of garlic has a wide range of pharmacological activities, and a broad antibacterial spectrum. It also has a strong anti-cancer activity, and can significantly inhibit a variety of tumors such as liver cancer, gastric cancer and colon cancer. The objective is to study the extraction process of garlic oil and its antibacterial effects. ...

Conventional methods for extraction of the active constituents from herbal plants, in addition to their high processing costs, are harmful to the environment owing to their time and energy consumption, uncontrollable parameters, use of toxic and dangerous solvents, loss of the extract, thermal instability, the contamination of the product with organic solvents and the loss of water-soluble comp...

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is often the method of choice for the separation of nonvolatile solutes. LC commonly exhibits longer analysis times, larger pressure drops and lower efRciency than either supercritical Suid chromatography (SFC) or gas chromatography (GC). The greater viscosities and lower diffusivities of liquids compared to those of supercritical Suids or gases are...

The kinetics of the extraction of tea seed oil with supercritical CO2 was studied. A kinetic model of the extraction of tea seed oil using supercritical CO2 was developed on the basis of the differential mass balance to simulate the extraction process. The model could simulate the distribution of the solute concentration in CO2 inside the extraction bed as a function of extraction time and heig...

The fundamental aspects of chemical reaction kinetics at near-critical conditions are discussed within the framework of transition state theory and the thermodynamics of critical phenomena for multicomponent systems. This discussion emphasizes the geometric analysis of Griffiths and Wheeler which describes the manner in which various thermodynamic properties behave on approaching mixture critic...

Recent studies have shown that it is possible to electrodeposit a range of materials, such as Cu, Ag and Ge, from various supercritical fluids, including hydrofluorocarbons and mixtures of CO2 with suitable co-solvents. In this perspective we discuss the relatively new field of electrodeposition from supercritical fluids. The perspective focuses on some of the underlying physical chemistry and ...

Supercritical fluids (SCF) are very interesting solvents with unique properties, such as high solute diffusivities, low viscosity and density values similar to liquids. All these features can be tuned with modifications in the pressure or temperature or the addition of modifiers [1]. Supercritical CO2 (sc-CO2) is one of the most promising alternative solvents because it is cheap, abundant, non-...

Monodisperse latex particles microspheres of controlled size and variable composition have been produced in three-dimensional ordered arrays.[1] These materials can be used as templates for structured porous material including inorganic oxides, carbons, metals and polymers. Structure of the polymeric template can be altered by compressed gases and supercritical fluids. In this communication, we...

Ionic liquids as trihexyl-tetradecyl-phophonium-dicyanamide (Cyphos 105) and cocosalkyl-pentaethoxi-methyl-ammonium-methosulfate (Ammoeng 100) were applied for the esterification of stearic acid and glycerol using Candida antarctica lipase (Novozyme 435). When only ILs were applied as solvents at 1:15 initial substrate molar ratio the conversion was 76 and 78 % in the case of two kinds of ILs, ...