Preformed particle gel (PPG, a kind of Super Absorbent Polymer) has been successfully applied to control conformance in around 2,000 wells in China oilfield. The paper summarizes: (1) why we proposed the method, (2) What are the properties of thermalstable PPG products, (3) where it has been used and how to select a good well candidate for a PPG treatment, (4) how to improve PPG treatment resul...

Abstract Super absorbent polymer is a new type of functional material that has been researched in recent decades. Due to its special structure and water-absorbing water-retaining properties, it broad field drought resistance, soil improvement crop protection. It conditioner agricultural drought-resistant water-saving materials. Combining with fertilizers prepare forestry slow-release functions,...

one fundamental strategy for increasing efficiency of plans which aim to develop natural resources is decreasing water loss and using this restricted water optimally. in arid and semi-arid regions such as a large part of iran, increasing period of irrigation which results in decreasing the irrigation costs, without causing water stress to planted sapling is a vital task. in this research we exa...

abstract soilless culture of greenhouse vegetables has been a fast developing section in iran during recent years. most growers use hydroponics systems with artificial substrates. some of the used substrates have low water retention which results in wasting a great deal of solution. on the other hand, low vigor of cucumber root in water and fertilizer absorption, especially in low media tempera...