The green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, is found primarily in subtidal habitats but also occurs in low intertidal pools in the Gulf of Maine. Previous studies of low intertidal populations on Swans Island, Maine, USA, found that this species is slow growing and long lived. However, these population parameter estimates may not be representative because low intertidal pools are a...

Consumption by native predators is an important means by which assemblages repel invasion by non-native species. This resistance may be compromised as the diversity and abundance of species at upper trophic levels continues to decline globally. We investigated whether consumptive biotic resistance by mobile benthic fauna could explain compositional differences between a highly invaded fouling c...

To understand the mechanisms of invasions it is necessary to explore how thermal environments affect the distribution of both native and invasive species. We examined patterns of species distribution at several scales to determine how thermal selection affects the distribution of native (Mytilus trossulus) and invading (M. galloprovincialis) mussels inhabiting marine rocky intertidal and subtid...

The ability to withstand high summer temperatures is an extremely important determinant of species distributions in the intertidal zone; most marine organisms cannot live intertidally because of the harsh conditions experienced during aerial emersion. The members of some species, though, live both intertidally and subtidally, and their physiological tolerance to stressors may differ depending o...

Sea star wasting disease devastated intertidal sea star populations from Mexico to Alaska between 2013-15, but little detail is known about its impacts to subtidal species. We assessed the impacts of sea star wasting disease in the Salish Sea, a Canadian / United States transboundary marine ecosystem, and world-wide hotspot for temperate asteroid species diversity with a high degree of endemism...

Antarctic intertidal zones are extremely harsh environments, and the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna is one of the most conspicuous components of the macrofauna, colonizing such areas at King George Island, South Shetlands. The limpet subpopulation encompasses an intertidal and a subtidal ecomorph; these differ with respect to shell height and inner volume. We studied morphological, behaviour...

Naturally extreme temperature environments can provide important insights into the processes underlying coral thermal tolerance. We determined the bleaching resistance of Acropora aspera and Dipsastraea sp. from both intertidal and subtidal environments of the naturally extreme Kimberley region in northwest Australia. Here tides of up to 10 m can cause aerial exposure of corals and temperatures...

The Middle Member of the Lower Cambrian Deep Spring Formation at Mount Dunfee, Nevada contains a diverse assemblage of stromatolites that formed on a tideand storm-dominated, siliciclastic-influenced, carbonate shelf. The stromatolites formed in a shallow subtidal environment within and near active oolite shoals under strongly focused currents. The stromatolites occur in four different lithofac...

A new opheliid polychaete, Euzonus japonicus sp. nov., is described. This species was collected from subtidal zones in Japanese coasts, while most Euzonus species inhabit intertidal sandy beaches. E. japonicus sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to another subtidal species, E. flabelliferus (Ziegelmeier, 1955) collected from northern Europe, but different from that in the form of branchiae...

We found specimens of foliose Bangiales from the subtidal zone of Udo, Jeju Island, Korea. In molecular analyses of rbcL sequences, these Korean specimens were almost identical to Miuraea migitae from Osaka, Japan. In the morphological comparison, Korean specimens were consistent with habitat, color, and vegetative characteristics with the description of M. migitae. This is the first record of ...