The present study analyses the anatomical arrangement of the projections linking the Wistar rat parafascicular thalamic nucleus (PF) and basal ganglia structures, such as the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus (STN), by using neuroanatomical tract-tracing techniques. Both the thalamostriatal and the striato-entopeduncular projections were topographically organized, and several areas of overla...

Here we present an open-source solution, comprising several 3D-printable mechanical pieces and software tools, for frameless stereotaxic targeting in young adult pigs of varying weights. Localization was achieved using IR camera CT imaging. The positions the tools were followed, after registration pig space, with a scan brain atlas. system used to target lateral ventricle subthalamic nucleus (S...

Background Impulsive-compulsive behaviors are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, the basal ganglia dysfunctions associated with high impulsivity have not been fully characterized. The objective of this study was to identify features impulsive-compulsive single neurons subthalamic nucleus (STN). Methods We compared temporal and spectral 412 from 12 PD patients 330 without. Sin...

Summary The rodent external globus pallidus (GPe) contains two main neuronal subpopulations, prototypic and arkypallidal cells, which differ in their cellular properties. Their functional synaptic connectivity is largely unknown. Here we studied the membrane properties, inputs, sensory responses of these subpopulations mouse GPe. We performed in vivo whole-cell recordings...

In functional stereotactic neurosurgery, one of the cornerstones upon which the success and the operating time depends is an accurate targeting. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is the usual target involved when applying Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for the Parkinson’s disease (PD). Unfortunately, STN is usually not clearly visible in common medical imaging modalities, which justifies the use of a...

The striatum and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) constitute the input stage of the basal ganglia (BG) network and together innervate BG downstream structures using GABA and glutamate, respectively. Comparison of the neuronal activity in BG input and downstream structures reveals that subthalamic, not striatal, activity fluctuations correlate with modulations in the increase/decrease discharge bal...

Recent studies in the monkey suggest that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is involved in control of eye movement, yet its functional significance in humans is unknown. Saccadic eye movements were studied in eight parkinsonian patients treated by bilateral electrical stimulation of the STN. STN stimulation improved the accuracy of memory guided saccades but not of reflexive visually guided saccade...

Background: Therapeutic response from subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson disease (PD) has been associated with proximity to an ideal target, commonly in the dorsal sensorimotor STN. Automated registration and atlas-based segmentation allowed contact localization within STN subnuclei. We sought apply these methods characterize spatial distribution of our active ...

Excessive burst firing in the dopamine-depleted basal ganglia correlates with severe motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease that are attenuated by high frequency electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Here we test the hypothesis that pathological bursts in dopamine-deprived basal ganglia are generated within the STN and transmitted to globus pallidus neurons. To answer this que...

BACKGROUND Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a powerful method for identifying in vivo network activation evoked by deep brain stimulation (DBS). OBJECTIVE Identify the global neural circuitry effect of subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS in nonhuman primates (NHP). METHOD An in-house developed MR image-guided stereotactic targeting system delivered a mini-DBS stimulating electrode,...