Governments all over the world have invested tens of billions of dollars in car scrappage programs to fuel the economy in 2009. We investigate the German case using a unique micro transaction dataset covering the years 2007 to 2010. Our focus is on the incidence of the subsidy, i.e., we ask how much of the e 2,500 buyer subsidy is captured by the supply-side through an increase in selling price...

Fiscal externalities arise if subsidies to higher education raise future net fiscal revenues. We investigate in which countries provide a justification for increasing education. First, we show that the marginal recovery rate, i.e. ratio of change total revenues and subsidy costs caused by small tuition subsidies, is key statistic: larger than one, then increase unambiguously desirable. also rat...

This Article describes the policies advanced by housing programs and shows where tension between the policies and programs exists. This Articles also attempts to organize and clarify the relationships among various goals of subsidized housing policy and the elements of programs adopted to meet them. The Article then proceeds by detailing eight possible objectives of subsidized housing and consi...