When depth of flow past a river bridge exceeds opening under the bridge, the flow under the bridge becomes pressurized. The water is directed downward and under the bridge deck, causing increase in velocity and shear stress on the bed thereby increasing bed scour. This is termed as Pressure Flow Scour. The present study investigates the phenomenon of pressure flow scour resulting from a submerg...

OstracodsOstracoda (ostracod), charophytesCharophyta (charophyte) and pollenPollen were retrieved from sediments of the Baynunah Formation. Autoecological characteristics ostracodsOstracoda (ostracod) (charophyte), together with detailed observations on taphonomyTaphonomy ostracodOstracoda valves, provide a reconstruction depositional environments freshwater system. These microfossil assemblage...

BACKGROUND So-called cyathane type diterpenoids are produced as secondary metabolites by basidiomycetes. Based on their antibacterial, fungicidal, and cytotoxic properties, cyathane type terpenoids represent interesting target compounds in fungal biotechnology. RESULTS An indirect competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay has been developed for detection of cyathane type diterpenoids. Rab...

In this paper we consider the two-dimensional linear problem of wave–body interaction with surface tension effects being taken into account. We suggest a criterion for unique solvability of the problem based on symmetrization of boundary integral equations. The criterion allows us to develop an algorithm for detecting non-uniqueness (finding trapped modes) for given geometries of bodies; exampl...

Respiratory activities were compared among rice seedlings germinated in air for 6 days (aerobic seedlings), those germinated under water for 5 days (submerged seedlings), and those grown in air for 1 day after 5 days' submerged germination (air-adapted seedlings). The respiratory activity of the submerged seedlings increased rapidly on transfer to air and reached a plateau at 16 hours in air. R...

We present a new derivation of the momentum exchange algorithm first introduced by Ladd [12], to compute the flow force and torque on a submerged body. The starting point of our derivation is to consider the time derivative of the total momentum of a virtual fluid system that replaces the submerged body in the real problem. The new derivation gives, in turn, some correction terms to the origina...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Submergence and de-submergence are common phenomena encountered by riparian plants due to water level fluctuations, but little is known about the role of physiological integration in clonal plants (resource sharing between interconnected ramets) in their adaptation to such events. Using Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) as an example, this study tested the hypothe...