In these studies, significant protection against experimental vaginal candidiasis after a subcutaneous immunization with Candida albicans extract was achieved in BALB/c mice but not in C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Protection from vaginal candidiasis was transferred to naive BALB/c mice by a population of spleen cells derived from immunized BALB/c mice. Removal of CD3 or CD4 but not CD8 T cells before tra...

A novel recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guerin (rBCG) vaccine co-expressed Eimeria tenella rhomboid and cytokine chicken IL-2 (chIL-2) was constructed, and its efficacy against E. tenella challenge was observed. The rhomboid gene of E. tenella and chIL-2 gene were subcloned into integrative expression vector pMV361, producing vaccines rBCG pMV361-rho and pMV361-rho-IL2. Animal experiment via intra...

It has recently been shown that the NlpD lipoprotein is essential to Yersinia pestis virulence and that subcutaneous administration of the nlpD mutant could protect mice against bubonic and pneumonic plague better than the EV vaccine strain [PLoS One 2009. V. 4. № 9. e7023]. In this study, similar ΔnlpD mutants were generated on the basis of other Y. pestis parent strains, including strains fro...

It would be medically and economically desirable to prevent the millions of annual extraintestinal infections and the thousands of associated deaths due to Escherichia coli. Outer membrane proteins are potential vaccine candidates for the prevention of these infections. This study tested the hypotheses that the siderophore receptor IroN is antigenic and that an IroN-specific antibody response c...

Proteus mirabilis commonly infects the complicated urinary tract and is associated with urolithiasis. Stone formation is caused by bacterial urease, which hydrolyzes urea to ammonia, causing local pH to rise, and leads to the subsequent precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and calcium phosphate (apatite) crystals. To prevent these infections, we vaccinated CBA mice with form...

The presence of a complex and diverse intestinal flora is functionally important for regulating intestinal mucosal immune responses. However, the extent to which a balanced intestinal flora regulates systemic immune responses is still being defined. In order to specifically examine whether the acquisition of a less complex flora influences responses to immunization in the pre-weaning stages of ...

Stimulation by intravenous injections of glucan, a beta 1,3 polyglucose, provided a significant degree of resistance in mice against Leishmania donovani. The response of C57BL/6 animals was dose-dependent. A single glucan injection before or after infection induced significant resistance but to a lesser degree than two or three injections. Immunization by injections of formalin-killed promastig...