Primary Aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of secondary hypertension, often undiagnosed, untreated, and overlooked leading to excess cardiovascular morbidity mortality. Until recently it being recognized as binary disease. Recent evidence suggests PA disease spanning continuum from subclinical stages more florid manifesting Conn’s syndrome. Timely diagnosis appropriate surgical intervention ca...

Our understanding of the etiology of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms by which conventional cardiovascular risk factors cause disease is incomplete. Atherosclerosis may be regarded as a process of continuous injury and abnormal repair. The diagnosis and treatment of the disease should be targeted to the various stages of this process, from the early stages of vascular injury to the stabilizat...

Objective(s): Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbimortality with over half cardiovascular events occurring in the asymptomatic population by traditional risk stratification. This preliminary study aimed to evaluate systemic plaque vulnerability in patients with prior Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) with a single Whole Body [FDG] PET-CT scan in terms of plaq...

the ideal approach for adequate management of subclinical hyperthyroidism (low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone [tsh] and normal thyroid hormone level) is a matter of intense debate among endocrinologists. the prevalence of low serum tsh levels ranges between 0.5% in children and 15% in the elderly population. mild subclinical hyperthyroidism is more common than severe subclinical hyperthy...

BACKGROUND it is plausible that subclinical atherosclerosis alters coronary reserve and impairs diastolic function of the left ventricle. However, the relationship between subclinical stages of atherosclerosis and diastolic function has not been established in subjects free of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE to test the hypothesis that subclinical atherosclerosis has a negative association ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate cochlear functioning in patients (18-45 years old) with varying stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Using purposive sampling, 50 participants, 10 in each of the 5 stages of CKD, were selected and underwent pure tone audiometric testing and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). RESULTS Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between pure tone audiom...