We construct and analyze a climate network which represents the interdependent structure of the climate in different geographical zones and find that the network responds in a unique way to El Niño events. Analyzing the dynamics of the climate network shows that when El Niño events begin, the El Niño basin partially loses its influence on its surroundings. After typically three months, this inf...

The source of irregularity in El Niño, the large interannual climate variation of the Pacific ocean-atmosphere system, has remained elusive. Results from an El Niño model exhibit transition to chaos through a series of frequency-locked steps created by nonlinear resonance with the Earth's annual cycle. The overlapping of these resonances leads to the chaotic behavior. This transition scenario e...

Throughout the 1960's and 1970's, oceanographers referred to the large-scale warming of the equatorial eastern and central Pacific as El Nino. This anomalous warming was later shown to be associated with anoma­ lies in the upper ocean thermal structure throughout the equatorial Pacific Ocean. At about the same time, scientists realized that the Southern Oscillation was in­ timately related to t...

Mosquito-borne diseases particularly malaria is becoming most dreaded health problems in the Coastal Blocks of Ramanathapuram District, Tamilnadu, India. In Coastal Blocks of Ramanathapuram District, malaria is seasonal and unstable, causing frequent epidemics. For transmission of malaria parasite, climatic factors are important determinants such as rain fall, temperature relative humidity and ...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-591.].

[1] The probability distribution function (PDF) of the upper (0–50 m) tropical Pacific current speeds (w), constructed from hourly ADCP data (1990–2007) at six stations for the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean project, satisfies the twoparameter Weibull distribution reasonably well with different characteristics between El Nino and La Nina events: In the western Pacific, the PDF of w has a larger peak...

Although anomalous episodic warming of the eastern equatorial Pacific, dubbed El Niño by Peruvian fishermen, has major (and occasionally devastating) impacts around the globe, robust forecasting is still limited to about 6 mo ahead. A significant extension of the prewarning time would be instrumental for avoiding some of the worst damages such as harvest failures in developing countries. Here w...

[1] We used the approach of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) to investigate optimal precursors for El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events with a theoretical coupled ocean-atmosphere model. The CNOPs of the annual cycle of the coupled system were computed for different time periods, and the derived CNOPs were compared with the linear singular vectors (LSVs). The results show...