In studies of complex heterogeneous networks, particularly of the Internet, significant attention was paid to analyzing network failures caused by hardware faults or overload, where the network reaction was modeled as rerouting of traffic away from failed or congested elements. Here we model another type of the network reaction to congestion – a sharp reduction of the input traffic rate through...

OBJECT The pathophysiology of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) results in perimedullary venous congestion and in turn central cord congestion. Clinically, this presents with progressive neurological dysfunctions that, if diagnosed in a timely fashion, can be at least halted and in part reversed. In SDAVFs, imaging features on MRI and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) have not be...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a specific category of wireless ad-hoc networks where their performance is highly affected by application, life time, storage capacity, processing power, topology changes, the communication medium and bandwidth. These limitations necessitate an effective data transport control in WSNs considering quality of service, energy efficiency, and congestion control. ...

BACKGROUND Lung congestion is emerging as a pervasive, insidious problem in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on dialysis. SUMMARY Chest ultrasound (US), a novel, easy-to-perform, cheap technique, which is currently applied for objective monitoring of pulmonary congestion in patients with heart failure in Europe, allows reliable quantification of lung water in clinical practice. Before ...

In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) the radio resource management functions are jointly handled in two different protocol layers, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) and the Medium Access Control (MAC). Congestion control functions are performed in the RRC layer. Therefore congestion control requires strong interactions between the radio interface protocol layers, including me...

acute venous congestion leads to blood stasis in the tissue and impaired blood perfusion. using medicinal leech is an old method of reducing tissue congestion. there are numerous factors in leech saliva and hirudin that have important roles in the leeching beneficial effect. in this study, an animal study was performed to compare leech therapy with heparin therapy in the treatment of acute veno...

short-term prediction of traffic flow is central to alleviating congestion and controlling the negative impacts of environmental pollution resulting from vehicle emissions on both inter- and intra-urban highways. the strong need to monitor and control congestion time and costs for metropolis in developing countries has therefore motivated the current study. this paper establishes the applicatio...

Detecting the weak and strong congestion statuses of decision-making units (DMUs) measuring them via data envelopment analysis (DEA) is an important issue that has been discussed in several studies with different views. The efficiency frontier a concept derived from underlying production possibility set (PPS), related to them. Still, researchers have defined for each DMU many previous ignored l...

the method for measuring the congestion of Noura et al. [A.A. Noura, F. ‎Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, G.R. Jahanshahloo, S. ‎Fanati Rashidi, R.P. Barnett, A new method for measuring congestion in data envelopment analysis, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 44 (2010) 240-246] ,there is no problem for congestion detection In the case of one input and one output but in higher space is not able to detect co...