The Internet censorship conflict is like a game of cat-and-mouse, in which the censor discovers and acts on distinguishers that set the usage of censorship resistance systems (CRSs) apart from other Internet usage, and the CRSs’ attempts to remove and mitigate these distinguishers. Our systematization is based on a simple and intuitive model of the distinguisher-leveraging censorship apparatus,...

The Internet has become the new battle ground between authoritarian regimes and ordinary individuals who want unimpeded access to information. The immense popularity of online activism and citizen journalism enabled by social media has instigated state level players to partially or completely block access to the Internet. In return, individuals and organizations have been employing various anti...

This chapter outlines the practices of state control over Internet content in Russia and highlights their grounding in the information culture and media environment of the country. Building on existing data on freedom of the press and online censorship, the text explores the socio-cultural context of Kremlin’s considerable influence on the Web. To this end, three relevant spheres of power relat...

The Tor network was originally designed as low-latency anonymity network. However, over time Tor earned a reputation as also being a useful tool to circumvent Internet censorship—at times, the network counted 30,000 users only from China. Censors reacted by tightening their grip on the national communication infrastructure. In particular, they developed different techniques to prevent people fr...

Free and uncensored access to the Internet is an important right nowadays. Repressive regimes, however, prevent their citizens from freely using the Internet and utilize censorship to suppress unwanted content. To overcome such filtering, researchers introduced circumvention systems that avoid censorship by cloaking and redirecting the censored traffic through a legitimate channel. Sadly, this ...

Dalhousie Journal of Interdisciplinary Management Abstract: This paper examines the increased censorship of film during the inaugural decades of the Soviet Union. Through an overview of the different genres and trends of Soviet cinema during this time, I draw parallels to the political climate and the role of film as an information medium. Censorship remains a persistent, if evolving, feature o...

End state of gravitational collapse and the related cosmic censorship conjecture continue to be amongst the most important open problems in gravitation physics today. My purpose here is to bring out several aspects related to gravitational collapse and censorship, which may help towards a better understanding of the issues involved. Possible physical constraints on gravitational collapse scenar...

Within a simple model of non-localized, Hotelling-type competition among arbitrary numbers of media outlets we characterize quality and content of media under different ownership structures. Assuming advertising-sponsored, profit-maximizing outlets, we show that (i) topics sensitive to advertisers can be underreported (self-censored) by all outlets in the market, (ii) self-censorship increases ...

censorship has a long history in iran that has interfered with text production, i.e., original writing as well as translation. this phenomenon seems to have marked the borderline between the government and the ‘enlightened’ intellectuals throughout history in iran. different governments have delineated ‘redlines’ for authors and translators and dealt with these constructors of culture based on ...