A Bulgarian and a German sentence were presented to Bulgarian and German listeners together with a question which either expected an early narrow focus or a late narrow focus. The answering sentences were manipulated so that the word in the latefocused position ranged from completely de-accented to strongly accented. The early focused position was neutral, allowing latefocus perception with lat...

We study the preservation of the property of L(R) being a Solovay model under projective ccc forcing extensions. We compute the exact consistency strength of the generic absoluteness of L(R) under forcing with projective ccc partial orderings and, as an application, we build models in which Martin’s Axiom holds for Σ ∼ 1 n partial orderings, but it fails for the Σ ∼ 1 n+1.

Let σ(A) denote the number of automorphisms of a model A of power ω1 . We derive a necessary and sufficient condition in terms of trees for the existence of an A with ω1 < σ(A) < 2 ω1 . We study the sufficiency of some conditions for σ(A) = 21 . These conditions are analogous to conditions studied by D.Kueker in connection with countable models. The starting point of this paper was an attempt t...

The proof of the consistency of the existence of irregular ultra lters requires large cardinals. Foreman, Magidor, and Shelah forced the existence of a fully irregular ultra lter on a successor cardinal from a huge cardinal. That some large cardinal strength is necessary was shown by Ketonen (0) and Donder, Jensen, and Koppelberg (a measurable cardinal). We considerably improve this lower bound...

We have observed an object having strong Balmer absorption lines and blue continuum. The inference about the nuclear stellar population drawn from the line ratios is basically coincident with that drawn from the continuum color, both indicating the dominant fraction of early A type population in the nucleus. This might be expected only if there has been a very massive starburst, burst strength ...

This Article uses unique data from over 300 criminal trials in four large counties to study the relations between the existence of a prior criminal record and defendants testifying at trial, between defendants testifying at trial and juries’ learning about criminal records, and between juries’ learning about criminal records and their decisions to convict or acquit. Sixty percent of defendants ...

In this paper we seek to formally establish the similarities and differences between two formalizations of defeasible reasoning: the defeasible logics of Nute and Maier, and defeasible logics in the framework of Antoniou et al. Both families of logics have developed from earlier logics of Nute, but their development has followed different paths and they are formulated very differently. We exami...

In this paper we present a replication and extension of the study performed by Florêncio and Herley published at SOUPS 2010. They investigated a sample of US websites, examining different website features’ effects on the strength of the website’s password composition policy (PCP). Using the same methodology as in the original study, we re-investigated the same US websites to identify difference...

We present techniques that allow strength reduction to be performed concurrently with partial redundancy elimination in the SSAPRE framework. By sharing the characteristics inherent to SSAPRE, the resulting strength reduction algorithm exhibits many interesting attributes. We compare various aspects of the new strength reduction algorithm with previous strength reduction algorithms. We also out...