One of the leading schools in modern unemployment theory is the "Structuralist" theory of the "natural" or equilibrium rate of unemployment (NRU) started by Edmund S. Phelps (see Blanchard 2000, p. 255; Phelps 1994, 2005b; Fitoussi et al. 2000; Phelps and Zoega 2004). In fact, it can be understood as a kind of meta-theory of unemployment (Phelps 2002). In a nutshell, Structuralist theory postul...

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a rare condition, potentially associated with a variety of different birth defects. It is also known as ADAM complex (amniotic deformities, adhesion, mutilation), amniotic band sequence, amniotic disruption complex, annular grooves, congenital amputation, congenital constricting bands, Streeter bands, Streeter anomaly, transverse terminal defects of limb, aberran...

Background & Aims of the Study: Due to one-way flow of water in rivers Guilan, pollution trade theory and the system of Ratio-Trade (TRS) and Streeter - Phelps equation has been used. This system, with a view of the river self- purification and how the distribution and transport of pollutants, determined Ratio-Trade system (TRS) between the units and using this method offers optimal pat...

water quality trading is a new approach in pollution control which satisfies water quality standards suggesting minimum cost solutions. this method uses tradable discharge permits based on pollution transfer coefficient in a river. this paper tries to establish a water quality trading program in a river basin according to transfer coefficients between pollution sources and evaluate cost effecti...

Increasingly, organizations are geographically distributed with activities coordinated and integrated through the use of information technology. Such organizations face constant change and the corresponding need for continual learning and renewal of their workers. In this paper we describe a prototype system called PHelpS (Peer Help System) that facilitates workers in carrying out such “life lo...