The availability of digital maps and mapping software has led to significant growth in location-based software and services. To safely use these applications in mobile and automotive scenarios, users must be able to input precise locations using speech. In this paper, we propose a novel method for location understanding based on spoken intersections. The proposed approach utilizes a rich, autom...

The present invention provides methods for the thermolysis of lignocellulosic materials, such as wood, cellulose, lignin, and lignocellulose. In specific embodiments, the methods comprise combining the lignocellulosic material with an ionic liquid and subjecting the mixture of the lignocellulosic material and the ionic media to pyrolytic conditions to form a recoverable product, such as a commo...

This paper presents an efficient algorithm for a speech recognition system which can process large lists of items. The described two-pass search implementation focuses on maximizing the speed and minimizing the memory footprint of the search engine. The algorithm is designed to handle thousands or tens of thousands of words in a search space restricted by a grammar. A typical example of such a ...

The OpenStreetMap (OSM) project is a prime example in the field of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). Worldwide, several hundred thousand people are currently contributing information to the ―free‖ geodatabase. However, the data contributions show a geographically heterogeneous pattern around the globe. Germany counts as one of the most active countries in OSM; thus, the German street ne...

the concepts of democracy have been around for centuries in different fields of human sciences. however, in most of these fields the idealistic and far-fetched features attributed to democracy have not been manipulated yet. it should be mentioned that there have been only a few serious attempts to find proper go-between elements, which could make such a concept as comprehensible and tangible as...

■ There are not enough “before and after” studies in the literature to be certain of impacts in different circumstances and over time, and particularly in terms of town centres. Better town centre and retail monitoring would deliver benchmarking for assessing impacts and changes. Literature review: policies adopted to support a healthy retail sector and retail led regeneration and the impact of...

This article finds that states can use street renaming as an act of retaliation against other international actors (states and organizations). Specifically, it shows how employ to symbolically insult thus diminish their opponent’s sense self. After situating the practice retaliatory within study emotions in relations (IR), symbolic insults diplomacy, particular, surveys a multitude cases which ...

We extend the popular entity grid representation for local coherence modeling. The grid abstracts away information about the entities it models; we add discourse prominence, named entity type and coreference features to distinguish between important and unimportant entities. We improve the best result for WSJ document discrimination by 6%.

This paper proposes a novel generalisation model for selecting characteristic streets in an urban street network. This model retains the central structure of a street network, it relies on a structural representation of a street network using graph principles where vertices represent named streets and links represent street intersections. Based on this representation, so-called connectivity gra...