Electronic payment systems based on anonymous coins have been invented as a digital equivalent to physical banknotes. However, von Solms and Naccache discovered that such anonymous coins are also very well suited to support criminals in blackmailing. In this paper we present a payment system, which has an efficient tracing and revocation mechanism for blackmailed coins. The used tracing method ...

OBJECTIVE Evaluate safety of the procedure of removing coins from the esophagus in children by Foley's catheter without fluoroscopic control. DESIGN Retrospective case-series. SETTING Tertiary care referral hospital, during 1992-94. SUBJECTS 302 consecutive children with coins impacted in the esophagus who presented to the hospital. RESULTS Coins were successfully removed in 283 (93.7%)...

Coins are frequently used in everyday life at various places like in banks, grocery stores, supermarkets, automated weighing machines, vending machines etc. So, there is a basic need to automate the counting and sorting of coins. For this machines need to recognize the coins very fast and accurately, as further transaction processing depends on this recognition. Three types of systems are avail...

Cryptocoins based on public distributed ledgers can differ in their quality due to different subjective values users assign to coins depending on the unique transaction history of each coin. We apply game theory to study how qualitative differentiation between coins will affect the behavior of users interested in improving their anonymity through mixing services. We present two stylized models ...

In this study we report the underlying reasons to why bacteria are present on banknotes and coins. (...) We treated the various currencies used in this study as microcosms, and the bacterial loading from human hands as the corresponding microbiome. We show that the substrate from which banknotes are produced have a significant influence on both the survival and adherence of bacteria to banknote...

the year 736 ah (1335 ce), death of the mongol ruler, sultan abu saeed, is known as the year in which the ilkhanid government collapsed in iran. in pursuit of legitimacy, however, the ilkhanid chiefs and viziers would give the crown to any claimant of genghis’ parentage and would govern the country under their name. as a result, they would give the rulership to some puppet ilkhans, mint coins i...

In this paper we consider an extension where the gambler has, at each round, K coins available for play, and the slot machines accept bets. If the player bets m coins on a machine, then the machine will return m times the payoff of that round. It is important to note that betting m coins on a machine results in obtaining a single sample from the rewards distribution of that machine (multiplied ...

In this paper discrete quantum walks with different coins used for odd and even time steps are studied. These coins are called hybrid. The calculation results are compared with the most frequently used coin, the Hadamard transform. Furthermore, quantum walks on the line which involve two or more quantum walkers with hybrid coins are studied. Quantum walks with entangled walkers and hybrid coins...

The Ultimatum Game (UG) is a valuable paradigm to study fairness considerations. Here, we tested developmental differences between altruistic and strategic motivations in fairness considerations using a version of the UG with hidden conditions. Participants were proposers and could divide coins between themselves and an anonymous other. Hidden information conditions involved division of coins w...

We investigate the structure of the currencies (systems of coins) for which the greedy change-making algorithm always finds an optimal solution (that is, a one with minimum number of coins). We present a series of necessary conditions that must be satisfied by the values of coins in such systems. We also uncover some relations between such currencies and their sub-currencies.