Within the framework of theory unsteady turbulent flows in a stratified fluid, new parameterization Prandtl number is proposed. The included k-ε-closure and used within three-dimensional model thermohydrodynamics an enclosed water body where density distribution includes pycnocline. This allows us to describe turbulence shear flow without restrictions associated with gradient Richardson justify...

We present a novel theory that determines the sensitivity of linear stability to changes in the density or velocity of a base flow. The sensitivity is based on global direct and adjoint eigenmodes of the linearized Boussinesq equation, and is inspired by constantdensity sensitivity analysis. The theory can be applied broadly to incompressible flows with small density variations, but it specific...

Flow-stratified sampling is a new method for sampling water quality constituents such as suspended sediment to estimate loads. As with selection-at-list-time (SALT) and time-stratified sampling, flow-stratified sampling is a statistical method requiring random sampling, and yielding unbiased estimates of load and variance. It can be used to estimate event yields or to estimate mean concentratio...

A mathematical model of average nonuniform flow in heterogeneous tratified media is developed. The averaged Darcy's law is obtained by deriving the analytical expression of the effective conductivity tensor for media with small heterogeneities. The fundamental solution of the average flow equation (mean Green function) corresponding to the flow toward a single point source of deterministic disc...

A new set of high Reynolds number experiments (Re = riΩi∆r ν ∼ 10 − 10) are conducted to examine the layer formation observed in stratified Taylor–Couette flow. A wider range of radius ratios η = ri ro (where ri and ro are the radii of the inner and outer cylinder, respectively) than previously possible is explored to examine the universality of the dependence of layer height l on U N , where U...

Stably stratified canopy flow in complex terrain has been considered a difficult condition for measuring net ecosystem–atmosphere exchanges of carbon, water vapor, and energy. A long-standing advection error in eddy-flux measurements is caused by stably stratified canopy flow. Such a condition with strong thermal gradient and less turbulent air is also difficult for modeling. To understand the ...

The paper deals with a new mechanism of instability in stratified fluid caused by internal wave radiation from a shear layer. This radiation instability may be explained in terms of the negativeenergy wave concept. These waves are able to grow due to radiation losses. The dispersion relation and non-linear stage of the process are analyzed through a model with tangential velocity discontinuity....

Basement rocks in the 17,000-square-mile region of southern Oklahoma crop out in the Wichita and Arbuckle Mountains and have been studied in subsurface samples from 175 wells. The rocks are divided into two contrasting provinces, each completely different from the other in age and petrologic character. Each province has played a different role in guiding the stratigraphic and structural evoluti...