Dear Sir: With ion-selective microelectrodes, it is possible to measure intracellular ion activities and calculate transmembrane electrochemical potential differences. Recently, these techniques have been carefully applied to the measurement of Na and Ca ion activities in mammalian ventricular and Purkinje fibers (Sheu and Fozzard, 1982). The results show that under a wide variety of circumstan...

The development of ecological stoichiometry has centered on organisms and their interactions, with less emphasis on the meaning or value of a comprehensive ecosystem stoichiometry at larger scales. Here we develop a conceptual framework that relates internal processes and exogenous factors in spatiallyand temporally-linked ecosystems. This framework emerges from a functional view of ecosystem s...

The effect of acetate ion introduced to aqueous solutions was investigated for the extraction/separation of Ni and Co from a dilute sulfate media. The separation of Co and Ni was improved by introducing acetate to aqueous media. By the use of the slope analysis method,the stoichiometric coefficient of the extractant was found to be 4 for cobalt and 3.5 or 4 for nickel depending on the aceta...

Correlations between the coefficient of variations (COV) of ion current integrals and COV of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) are investigated. The investigations are made to see if there is a possibility to use ion sense technique for closed loop combustion control to maximize Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) level with remaining combustion stability. The engine studied in this thesis i...

[1] Knowledge about the properties of silicate melts is needed by volcanologists and petrologists to evaluate the dynamics of volcanic eruptions and magmatic processes. These properties include the solubility and diffusivity of volatile components in silicate melts, silicate melt viscosity, and the fragmentation condition. Data and models of each property are reviewed and assessed. For rhyoliti...

The superlattice intermixing of arsenic-rich nonstoichiometric AlAs/GaAs quantum wells grown at lowsubstrate temperatures around 300 °C is enhanced by several orders of magnitude relative to diffusion in stoichiometric structures grown at ordinary substrate temperatures. The transient enhanced intermixing is attributed to a supersaturated concentration of group-III vacancies grown into the crys...

Ecologists have found a close relationship between the concentrations of nitrate (NO3-) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in ecosystems. However, it is difficult to determine the NO3- fate exactly because of the low coefficient in the constructed relationship. In the present paper, a negative power-function equation (r(2) = 0.87) was developed by using 411 NO3- data points and DOC:NO3- ratios ...