BACKGROUND Stress is an inevitable part of life, and maternal stress during the gestational period has dramatic effects in the early programming of the physiology and behavior of offspring. The developmental period is crucial for the well-being of the offspring. Prenatal stress influences the developmental outcomes of the fetus, in part because the developing brain is particularly vulnerable to...

Milk samples were collected from 180 heifers from 20 herds around parturition to study the prevalence and persistence of intramammary infection (IMI). A total of 3382 quarter milk samples was collected each week from 4 wk before parturition to 4 wk after parturition. Staphylococcus chromogenes, the most commonly found bacterial species before parturition, was isolated from 15% of all quarters. ...

The bacterium Coxiella burnetii has been detected in the fetal membranes, birth fluids and vaginal mucus, as well as in the milk and other excretions of several domestic mammals. The finding of C. burnetii in association with abortion, parturition and in the postpartum period has led to the hypothesis that C. burnetii causes a range of reproductive diseases. This review critically evaluates the...

KEY POINTS Older pregnant women have a greater risk of operative delivery, still birth and post-term induction. This suggests that maternal age can influence the timing of birth and processes of parturition. We have found that increasing maternal age in C57BL/6J mice is associated with prolongation of gestation and length of labour. Older pregnant mice also had delayed progesterone withdrawal a...

OBJECTIVE To generate a clinical prediction tool for stillbirth that combines maternal risk factors to provide an evidence based approach for the identification of women who will benefit most from antenatal testing for stillbirth prevention. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Midwestern United States quaternary referral center. POPULATION Singleton pregnancies undergoing second tr...

Absract: Reproductive health problems are one of the most important problems that affect the production and productivity of dairy cows. Dystocia is also one of the reproductive health problems that cause considerable economic loss to the dairy industry. The main aims of this manuscript were to review risk factors and economic impact of dystocia in dairy cows. Dystocia is also defined as prolong...

Stillbirth rates in high-income countries declined dramatically from about 1940, but this decline has slowed or stalled over recent times. The present variation in stillbirth rates across and within high-income countries indicates that further reduction in stillbirth is possible. Large disparities (linked to disadvantage such as poverty) in stillbirth rates need to be addressed by providing mor...

Stillbirth in swine ranges from 2 to 9%, resulting in a significant loss of piglets. Previous studies clearly indicate a relationship between prolonged birth intervals and stillbirth, but factors influencing birth intervals are not fully known. To characterize birth intervals and stillbirth, farrowing was recorded during three farrowing seasons. Blood samples were collected on d 110 and d 113 o...

BACKGROUND In high-income countries, maternal obesity is one of the most important modifiable causes of stillbirth, yet the pathways underpinning this association remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We estimated the association between maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the risk of stillbirth defined by pathophysiologic contributors or causes. DESIGN Using a case-cohort design, we random...

the aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between growth hormone gh/alui and growth hormone receptor ghr/alui polymorphisms with milk yield and reproductive performances in holstein dairy cows in iran. blood samples of 150 holstein cows were collected and their genomic dna was extracted using gene-fanavaran dna extracting kit. fragments of the 428 bp of exon 5 growth ho...