Indwelling urethral catheters are the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTI), yet there is no direct evidence that technique of catheter insertion affects this. In a prospective study, 156 patients underwent preoperative urethral catheterisation, randomly allocated to 'sterile' or 'clean/non-sterile' technique groups. There was no statistical difference between the two groups with ...

There is evidence indicating that improvements in infection control practice can reduce the incidence of healthcare-associated infection. This article explores the evidence base for glove use and aseptic technique. There is a lack of evidence regarding the influence of sterile versus clean gloves in clinical care. Therefore in practice, clean and aseptic techniques are often used interchangeabl...

A bstract We analytically calculate the neutrino conversion probability P μe in presence of sterile neutrinos, with exact dependence on $$ \Delta {m}_{41}^2 ∆ m 41 2 and matter effects explicitly included. Using perturbative...

The study aims to investigate a cost-effective approach to convert non-pretreated rice straw hydrolysate into biobutanol. The influences of the initial cell concentration and incubation temperature on biobutanol production were evaluated under both sterile and non-sterile conditions. Results indicate that 100% glucose utilization could be achieved for initial cell concentrations greater than 21...

Using sterile technique helps prevent the surgical environment from becoming contaminated and thus can help reduce the incidence of surgical site infection. The AORN "Recommended practices for sterile technique" provides guidance for setting up, maintaining, and monitoring a sterile field. Topics include the use of surgical attire and personal protective equipment; appropriate selection and eva...