smelting of hammerable iron and its treatment in antiquity and Medieval produced also by-product: slag. Because of small yields of iron the process produced only small amounts of slag that did not attract attention of smelters concerning its possible use. the use of slag pieces was only accidental. a lot of slag pieces and blocks from slag pit shaft furnaces were used as a material for mound bu...

Production planning and scheduling in the steel industry are challenging problems due to large number of products being produced. This work deals with scheduling of the continuous casting of steelmaking, i.e. determination of charge sequence in each casting machine. Since a full-space model Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) approach is computationally intractable for long term continuous ...

Biomass was the first material used as a fuel by humanity, being replaced fossil fuels after industrial revolution. With growing of environment discursions and effects CO2 emissions, biomass has been gaining strength potential alternative to fuels, especially for steelmaking, which is responsible about 5 10% all emitted. It known that biomass, compared fossils, higher volatile content, high moi...

These days, limited energy resources, and also the cost of investment in new and renewable energy is very costly and uneconomical. In the industrial sector, especially energy-intensive industries such as steel, finding appropriate solutions to update the technology, production and reduce energy consumption in this sector is very important. The main aim of this study is the identification an...

These days, limited energy resources, and also the cost of investment in new and renewable energy is very costly and uneconomical. In the industrial sector, especially energy-intensive industries such as steel, finding appropriate solutions to update the technology, production and reduce energy consumption in this sector is very important. The main aim of this study is the identification an...

The paper describes a scheduling system for a high-grade steel making plant. Because very specialized steel grades are produced the variety of the chemical analysis of the heats is very high and the lot sizes are small. One of the most constraining factors in the production is the infiltration of chemical elements between consecutive heats in the electric arc furnace. To find a schedule that vi...

Aiming at the present situation of the steelmaking end-point control at home and abroad, a neural network model was established to judge the end-point. Based on the colour space conversion and the fiber spectrum division multiplexing technology, a converter radiation multi-frequency information acquisition system was designed to analyze the spectrum light and image characteristic information, a...

Approximately 60–70% of the direct greenhouse gas emissions in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking originate from use fossil carbon charge during melting steel scrap. Regarding short-term solutions to mitigate climate impact steelmaking, there is greater potential replace with renewable EAF than integrated blast where mechanical strength requirements on are too demanding. Therefore, present ...

The conversion of steelmaking slag (a waste product of the steelmaking process) to calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) was tested using hydrochloric acid, ammonium hydroxide and carbon dioxide via a pH-swing process. Batch reactors were used to assess the technical feasibility of calcium carbonate recovery and its use for pre-treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) from coal mines. The effects of key pro...