The effect of plastic deformation on the grain boundary surface area per unit volume and edge length per unit volume is examined using two methods. The first by applying homogeneous deformations to tetrakaidecahedra in a variety of orientations and the second by using the principles of stereology. It is shown that the methods produce essentially identical results. It is now possible to calculat...

The National Transportation Safety Board coordinated with the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials to investigate November 16, 2017, rupture of Keystone Mainline number 1 crude oil pipeline operated by TransCanada Oil Operations, Incorporated. resulted from a fatigue crack that initiated near-surface cracks associated sliding contact damage at top pipe propagated failure within 7.4 years operation....

Micro-friction stir spot welding (µFSSW) is one type of that suitable for joining lightweight materials. One the challenges in materials with µFSSW material easily perforated, or join not strong enough, so it necessary to select right parameters. In this article discusses about investigates micro-Friction Stir Spot Welding parameters on weld geometry, mechanical properties, and metallography di...

Lateritic steel is a low-nickel with nickel content of 1-4.5 percent. Steel high percentage has better qualities like strength, corrosion resistance, and weldability. This material commonly used in crushers grinding machines. can also be utilized as an armor material. A study was undertaken to investigate the ability laterite employed by characteristic testing (impact test hardness test) micros...

Abstract The results of experiments on low-energy implantation AISI 321 stainless steel by nitrogen ions are presented. treatment was carried out a pulsed beam obtained using ballistic ion focusing system. surface modification occurs with the formation two-layer structure, which is typical for ion-plasma nitriding processes steels. thickness modified layer can reach 27 μm after 1 hour treatment...