The history of human brain mapping is actually much shorter than one might have anticipated on entering the field. The first brain activation studies harnessed the ability to take images of brain function, successively within the same scanning session. This was facilitated by the use of short half-life radio tracers using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). These techniques became available in ...

Wavelet-based analysis versus Gaussian smoothing in statistical parametric mapping (SPM) for detecting and analyzing brain activity from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is presented. Detection of activation in fMRI data can be performed in the wavelet domain by a coefficient-wise statistical t-test. The link between the wavelet analysis and SPM is based on two observations: (i...

CONTEXT The dopamine overactivity hypothesis of schizophrenia remains one of the most influential theories of the pathophysiology of the illness. Radiotracer brain imaging studies are now directly testing aspects of the overactivity hypothesis. OBJECTIVE To assess presynaptic dopaminergic function in a large cohort of patients with schizophrenia by means of [18F]fluorodopa uptake and a high-s...

In this paper, we frame the strategy and motivations behind developments in statistical parametric mapping (SPM) for the analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) data. This work deals specifically with SPM procedures for the analysis of event-related potentials (ERP). We place these developments in the larger context of integrating electrophysiological and hemodynamic measurements of evoked brain...

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive method to measure brain activity via changes in the degree of hemoglobin oxygenation through the intact skull. As optically measured hemoglobin signals strongly correlate with BOLD signals, simultaneous measurement using NIRS and fMRI promises a significant mutual enhancement of temporal and spatial resolutions. Although there exists a powerfu...

UNLABELLED This study investigated regional cerebral blood flow in head-injured patients using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to detect hypoperfusion on (99m)Tc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) SPECT scans. METHODS Acute and follow-up SPECT and MRI scans from 61 patients who were admitted to a regional neurosurgical unit were examined. Patients had acute MRI and SPECT at 2-18 d af...