Various nanoparticles (silicon oxide, tin oxide and aluminium oxide) were mixed with poly (methyl siloxane) (Rhodorsil 224). The mixtures were sprayed on silicon substrates resulting in the formation of a rough, two-length-scaled hierarchical structure surface layer. We report that: (i) Super-hydrophobic composite films were produced with all the particles used, (ii) The effect of the particle’...

Tactile roughness magnitude estimates increase with contact force. However, it is not known whether discrimination thresholds are affected by contact force and other parameters, such as duration and tangential movement. The effects of these factors on roughness discrimination thresholds were determined using an adaptive staircase procedure for coarse and fine texture discrimination during activ...

HYPOTHESIS Droplet wettability and mobility play an important role in dropwise condensation heat transfer. Heat exchangers and heat pipes operate at liquid-vapor saturation. We hypothesize that the wetting behavior of liquid water on microstructures surrounded by pure water vapor differs from that for water droplets in air. EXPERIMENTS The static and dynamic contact angles and contact angle h...

Purpose. To investigate static upper eyelid pressure and contact with the ocular surface in a group of young adult subjects. Methods. Static upper eyelid pressure was measured for 11 subjects using a piezoresistive pressure sensor attached to a rigid contact lens. Measures of eyelid pressure were derived from an active pressure cell (1.14-mm square) beneath the central upper eyelid margin. To i...

PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate peri-implant bone reactions to dynamic and static loads in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two cylindrical titanium implants were placed in the left tibia diaphysis of 39 rats, which were divided into three groups: static load for 4 weeks (S4), static load for 8 weeks (S8), and static load for 4 weeks followed by dynamic load for 4 weeks (S4D4). All imp...

The purpose of the paper is to apply monotone multigrid methods to static and dynamic biomechanical contact problems. In space, a finite element method involving a mortar discretization of the contact conditions is used. In time, a new contact–stabilized Newmark scheme is presented. Numerical experiments for a two body Hertzian contact problem and a biomechanical application are reported.

The dry frictional contact between two solid surfaces is well known to obey Coulomb friction laws. In particular, the static friction force resisting the relative lateral (tangential) motion of solid surfaces, initially at rest, is known to be proportional to the normal force and independent of the area of the macroscopic surfaces in contact. Experimentally, the static friction force has been o...