This paper proposes an automatic, essentially domainindependent means of evaluating Spoken Language Systems (SLS) which combines software we have developed for that purpose (the "Comparator") and a set of specifications for answer expressions (the "Common Answer Specification", or CAS). The Comparator checks whether the answer provided by a SLS accords with a canonical answer, returning either ...

Seaweed has long been used in the Japanese and Chinese diet. In 600 B.C., Sze Teu wrote in China, "Some algae are a delicacy fit for the most honored guests, even for the King himself." Some 21 species are used in everyday cooking in Japan, six of them since the eighth century. Seaweed accounts for some 10% of the Japanese diet and seaweed consumption reached an average of 3.5 kg per household ...

1) Provincial Government of Åland Islands, Fisheries Division, P.O. Box 1060, AX-22111 Mariehamn, Åland Islands (e-mail: [email protected]) 2) Swedish Board of Fisheries, Institute of Coastal Research, P.O. Box 109, SE-740 71 Öregrund, Sweden 3) Estonian Marine Institute, Mäealuse 10 A, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia 4) Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 2, FI-00791 Helsink...

Sea level rise has the potential to influence the location of baselines along the coast from which claims to maritime jurisdiction are made. Accordingly, sea level rise may have adverse impacts on the extent of national maritime claims. This article provides a brief discussion of sea level rise before exploring the link between potentially variable baselines and the outer limits to maritime cla...

The Aral Sea basin (ASB) is one of the most environmentally vulnerable regions to climate change and human activities. During the past 60 years, irrigation has greatly changed the water distribution and caused severe environmental issues in the ASB. Using remote sensing data, this study investigated the environmental changes induced by irrigation activities in this region. The results show that...

In this project, Entropic will serve as a technology transfer agent for the Speech and Language Systems (SLS) program. Our ultimate goal is to make complete systems developed in the course of SLS research readily available to interested parties in government, education, and industry. An intermediate goal is to provide clean, well documented implementations of speech recognition systems such as ...

Fast and accurate speech recognition systems systems bring with them the possibility of designing effective voice driven applications. Efforts to this date have involved the construction of monolithic systems, necessitating repetition of effort as each new system is implemented. In this paper, we describe an initial implementation of a general spoken language interface, the Carnegie Mellon Spok...

A materials structural and chemical composition influences its optical scattering properties. In this paper we investigate the use of subsurface laser scattering (SLS) for inferring structural and chemical information of food products. We have constructed a computer vision system based on a supercontinuum laser light source and an AcoustoOptic Tunable Filter (AOTF) to provide a collimated light...

BACKGROUND When using the change-in-estimate criterion, a cutoff of 10% is commonly used to identify confounders. However, the appropriateness of this cutoff has never been evaluated. This study investigated cutoffs required under different conditions. METHODS Four simulations were performed to select cutoffs that achieved a significance level of 5% and a power of 80%, using linear regression...

We investigate the symmetric and anti-symmetric spin-orbit forces (SLS and ALS) of the effective ΛN interaction derived from a quark cluster model with the instantoninduced interaction (I I I), which can reproduce the observed YN cross sections as well as the observed NN scattering data. It is found that coupling to the ΣN channel enhances ΛN ALS, and therefore that the cancellation between SLS...