This paper develops slacks-based measure (SBM) and additive SBM (ASBM) to evaluate efficiency of decision making units (DMUs) in a two-stage structure with undesirable outputs and feedback variables from the internal perspective. The SBM model is linearized  for a specific weight and the ASBM model is reformulated as a second order cone program. The target values for all inputs, outputs (both d...

This paper proposes a new two-stage inverter based on transformer-less high gain DC-DC converter for energy conversion of a photovoltaic system. The designed system consists of a high gain DC-DC converter cascaded with a three-phase inverter. The proposed DC-DC converter has a simple structure, and it has one switch in its structure. The output voltage of the DC-DC converter supplies DC source ...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a method for measuring the efficiency of peer decision making units (dmus) which uses a set of inputs to produce a set of outputs. in some cases, dmus have a two-stage structure, in which the first stage utilizes inputs to produce outputs used as the inputs of the second stage to produce final outputs. one important issue in two-stage dea is the sensitivity of...

Abstract Rhetorical structure is helpful in improving how the writers maintain cohesion in their writings. This study examines how the Iraqi writers maintain cohesion in the text by analyzing the various rhetorical moves in Azzaman, an online Iraqi newspaper. To this purpose, twelve opinion articles from Azzaman Iraqi newspaper, published from January 2013 to June 2013 were analyzed. The findin...

Abstract Rhetorical structure is helpful in improving how the writers maintain cohesion in their writings. This study examines how the Iraqi writers maintain cohesion in the text by analyzing the various rhetorical moves in Azzaman, an online Iraqi newspaper. To this purpose, twelve opinion articles from Azzaman Iraqi newspaper, published from January 2013 to June 2013 were analyzed. The findin...

Articles in which nonparametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) is applied to estimate the efficiency based on a network structure usually consider desirable intermediary parts that are first stage’s outputs be used as second inputs. In many real-life situations, parameters include and undesirable outputs. This issue has drawn much attention from DEA researchers recent years. The main motivatio...