professional equipment of Clinic staffs and to ascertain if standards could be formulated with regard to the minimum qualifications considered essential for psychiatrists, psychologists and psychiatric social workers. In a pamphlet recently published, the recommendations arising out of this enquiry are given, and the following summarises what, in the opinion of the Committee, should be the mini...

Introduction: Spiritual Leadership is essential due to various issues among leaders. To meet the changing and challenging demands of their environment in the twenty – first century. This research was aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual leadership and organizational commitment of staffs in the headquarter sections of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). Methods: The pr...

In the field of positive youth development programs, "empowerment" is used interchangeably with youth activism, leadership, civic participation and self-efficacy. However, few studies have captured what empowerment means to young people in diverse contexts. This article explores how youth define and experience empowerment in youth-led organizations characterized by social justice goals: high sc...

In this paper, outpatient clinics’ systems are addressed and their common issues were discussed. As a case study, the private clinics in Egypt are used, and a designed service solution was synthesized. In the case study, the system and application was mainly physician-oriented rather than patient-oriented. With such physician-oriented systems alongside with the current design approaches, waitin...

MusicT~X is a set of TEX or LATEX macros initially posted three years ago and now used by dozens of music typesetters which are fit to typeset polyphonic, instrumental or orchestral music. It is able to handle an important number of instruments or voices (up to nine) and staffs (up to four for each instrument). Many of the usual ornaments have been provided, including several note sizes whch ca...

The present paper has reported a case study of the “Electronic Doctor’s Bag” which is a telemedical tool for home-visit medical services using the mobile communications environment in an isolated island and a disaster area hit by the tsunami. Clinical trials performed for 20 patients around a clinic in Miyako Island indicated that the communication functions of the proposed system were highly e...

Most research to date has approached employee empowerment as an individual-level phenomenon. In this study we proposed a work-unit-level construct, empowerment climate, and tested a multiple-level model integrating macro and micro approaches to empowerment. Empowerment climate was shown to be empirically distinct from psychological empowerment and positively related to manager ratings of work-u...

In this paper I explore the meaning of empowerment in the teaching and learning of mathematics. The main part of the paper is devoted to distinguishing three different but complementary meanings of empowerment concerning mathematics: mathematical, social and epistemological empowerment. Mathematical empowerment concerns gaining the power to use mathematical knowledge and skills in school mathem...