Side stream cigarette smoke (SSCS) is known to be as harmful and hazardous to human health as is active smoking. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the exposure to SSCS and its stimulatory and subacute effects on the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A methionine and choline-deficient plus high fat (MCDHF) diet was administered to C57BL/6 mice for 6 weeks...

Binary t-frameproof codes (t-FPCs) are used in multimedia fingerprinting schemes where the identification of authorized users taking part in the averaging collusion attack is required. In this paper, a binary strongly t-separable code (t-SSC) is introduced to improve such a scheme based on a binary t-FPC. A binary t-SSC has the same traceability as a binary t-FPC but has more codewords than a b...

There have been significant breakthroughs over the past decade in the development and use of pluripotent stem cells as a potential source of cells for applications in regenerative medicine. It is likely that this methodology will begin to play an important role in human clinical medicine in the years to come. This review describes the plasticity of one type of pluripotent cell, spermatogonial s...

BACKGROUND Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have the unique ability to undergo self-renewal division. However, these cells are morphologically indistinguishable from committed spermatogonia, which have limited mitotic activity. To establish a system for SSC purification, we analyzed the expression of SSC markers CD9 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM), both of which are also expressed...

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) undergo self-renewal divisions to provide the foundation for spermatogenesis. Although Rb1 deficiency is reportedly essential for SSC self-renewal, its mechanism has remained unknown. Here we report that Rb1 is critical for cell cycle progression and protection of SSCs from DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Cultured SSCs depleted of Cdkn1b proliferated poorly and...

Sidestream cigarette smoke (SSCS) makes up about 85% of significantly toxic environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SSCS play an important role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases. Interleukin-6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and is closely linked with pathology in cardiovascular disease and conditions that have an inflammatory base. Exposure to SSCS thro...

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) continue to proliferate in the testis to support spermatogenesis throughout life, which makes them ideal targets for germline modification. Although recent success in the production of transgenic and knockout animals using SSCs has opened up new experimental possibilities, several problems, including the low efficiency of germ cell transplantation and poor ferti...

The dynamical evolution of super star clusters (SSCs) moving in the background of a dark matter halo has been investigated as a possible event responsible for the formation of bulges in late-type spirals. The underlying physical processes include sinking of SSCs due to the dynamical friction and stripping of SSCs on their way to the center. Our model calculations show that only sinking of circu...

Shared service centers (SSCs) are an increasingly important and oft-utilized approach to organizing Information Technology services. Nevertheless, researchers hitherto have not investigated SSCs sufficiently. Our research attempts to fill this gap by addressing the following basic problems: Firstly, no standardized definition of SSCs has established; and, secondly, different features of SSCs in...

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), the unique seed cells of testes, can undergo meiosis and form spermatozoa, thus transmitting genetic information to offspring. Research concerning these cells explores the mechanism underlying spermatogenesis, making possible the induction of their differentiation into spermatozoa in vitro. SSCs have therefore attracted much interest among scientists. Although ...