Upon noxious stimulation, substance P (SP) is released from primary afferent fibers into the spinal cord where it interacts with the SP receptor (SPR). The SPR is located throughout the dorsal horn and undergoes endocytosis after agonist binding, which provides a spatial image of SPR-containing neurons that undergo agonist interaction. Under normal conditions, SPR internalization occurs only in...

In this study we proposed a new surface plasmon resonance (SPR) configuration for enhancement of biosensor sensitivity with high absorbing molecules on the sensor surface. The proposed SPR structure consists of a germanium nanowires grating coated with three graphene layers while the addition of titanium layer between gold and fused silica (substrate) prevents the gold oxidation. For transverse...

An optical fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proposed for monitoring the thickness of deposited nano-thin films. A side-polished multimode SPR optical fiber sensor with an 850 nm-LD is used as the transducing element for real-time monitoring of the deposited TiO2 thin films. The SPR optical fiber sensor was installed in the TiO2 sputtering system in order to measure the t...

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sodium ion sensor using an ion optode membrane film was experimentally and theoretically described based on an absorption-based SPR principle proposed in our previous article (Kurihara, K; Suzuki, K. AnaL Chem. 2002, 74, 696-701). The sodium ion concentrations from 10(-6) to 10(-1) have been successfully determined not only by the resonance angle diagnosis of t...

The application of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements to the study of ultrathin organic and inorganic films adsorbed onto gold surfaces utilizing nearinfrared (NIR) excitation from 800 to 1152 nm is described. SPR scanning angle measurements of film thickness are demonstrated at 814 and 1152 nm using lowpower diode and HeNe laser sources, respectively. Several advantages of SPR in the...

Studies on cultured cells have shown that agonists induce several types of G protein-coupled receptors to undergo internalization. We have investigated this phenomenon in rat striatum, using substance P (SP)-induced internalization of the SP receptor (SPR) as our model system. Within 1 min of a unilateral striatal injection of SP in the anesthetized rat, nearly 60% of the SPR-immunoreactive neu...

Si-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the Kretschmann-Raether geometry is considered as a platform for the optical measurement of high refractive index films. The implementation of the SPR effect becomes possible due to the relatively high index of refraction of Si compared to most materials. As examples we study the SPR responses for some important semiconductor-based films, including la...

The objectives of this study were to establish an in-depth understanding of the signals induced by mammalian cells in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing. To this end, two plasmonic structures with different propagation and penetration distances were used: conventional surface plasmon resonance and long-range surface plasmon resonance. Long-range SPR showed a lesser sensitivity to the absol...

The cumulative resource constraints of the resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) do not treat the resource demands as geometric rectangles, that is, activities are not necessarily assigned to the same resource units over their processing times. In spite of this fact, most papers on resource-constrained project scheduling mainly in the motivation phase use a strip packing of re...

Immune cells within the granulomas of murine schistosomiasis mansoni make the neuropeptide substance P (SP) and express neurokine 1 receptor, which is the specific receptor for substance P (SPr). It was determined if mice with deletion of the SPr (SPr-/-) would develop a normal granulomatous response to schistosome ova during the course of natural infection. Mean liver granuloma size was smalle...