Spores of three strains each of type A and type B Clostridium botulinum were produced both by a biphasic (solid medium overlaid with an aqueous phase) and by a "conventional" (deep broth culture) procedure. Sporogenesis by the biphasic system was more rapid, convenient, and economical, and yielded as many or more heat-resistant (80 C, 10 min) spores per milliliter as by the conventional techniq...

Predicting the execution time of computer programs is an important but challenging problem in the community of computer systems. Existing methods require experts to perform detailed analysis of program code in order to construct predictors or select important features. We recently developed a new system to automatically extract a large number of features from program execution on sample inputs,...

Inosine is a more effective germination stimulant than adenosine for spores of Bacillus cereus and B. anthracis (Powell & Hunter, 1955). A crude method of assessment, based on the paper-ionophoresis technique of Wade & Morgan (1954), indicated that extracts from disintegrated resting spores of B. cereus converted adenosine into inosine. This suggested the possibility that inosine might be, in f...

1. There are certainly two, and probably three, stages in the development of B. megaterium from the spore to inception of cell division. The rapid increase in rate of respiration during the initial 10 minutes on glucose-peptone-yeast extract medium coincides with decrease in optical density and with increase in stainability. From about 10 to 100 minutes, the rate increases linearly, coinciding ...

Sixty-nine strains of Clostridium perfringens of different toxigenic types were investigated for enterotoxin production. Enterotoxin was definitively detected only in strains of types A and C. This is the first report where enterotoxin production has been demonstrated in a toxigenic type other than type A. The exterotoxin-positive type C strains were isolated from cases of enteritis necroticans...

vegetative cell, and the more slowly moving component proved to be the heat-resistant spore catalase. The two catalase-anticatalase arcs crossed each other, showing that the enzymes were antigenically distinct. Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of the results of an analysis of sporulating-cell extract by use of the antigen trench method of Osserman (J. Immunol. 84:93, 1960). An earli...

Numerical profiling using conventional tests for studying bacterial diversity of soil have probably never been employed. The main objective of this work was to describe the heterogeneity of spore forming bacilli in a vegetative soil using numerical profiling and to establish the possible application of this approach for the prediction of the antimicrobial potentials of soil dwelling Bacillus sp...

This study was conducted to determine soil properties that correlate with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) spore numbers in semiarid calcareous soils of Hamadan province in northwestern of Iran. Soil samples from six sites managed differently were collected from a 0 to 30 cm depth. The results showed that land use and management systems had a significant effect on AMF spore number in soi...