This article examines traditional and modern psychological characterizations of religiousness and spirituality. Three ways in which religiousness and spirituality are polarized by contemporary theorists are examined: organized religion versus personal spirituality; substantive religion versus functional spirituality; and negative religiousness versus positive spirituality. An alternative approa...

The present study aimed at determining the relationship between servant leadership as well as its dimensions and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) of employees at Valiasr Academic Complex (Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch). The research was applied, descriptive and correlational. Statistical population included 230 employees in first semester of educational year (2012- 20...

The lens through which followers experience the ethical dimension of leadership itself it is argued likely distorted by a followers’ level in hierarchy. In this regard, may be better conceptualized as an intermediary follower status contributes to these desirable outcomes. This research expands literature about causes, consequences, and unique role workplace. particular, we examine mediated mod...

Background Spiritual leadership and spirituality in organizations have the capacity to develop individual and organizational outcomes. This concept, as a newly established paradigm, has many ambiguities and definitions highly affected by cultural contexts. Objective This study aimed at determining the concept of spiritual leadership from nurses' perspective and recognizing aspects of spiritua...

In recent times, spirituality, as typified by the religion has been on receiving end of scathing criticisms. Although seducing, arguments these critics seem romanticized and flawed for very reason that there abound natural synergies between spirituality social development. Consequently, this article addresses interconnections work profession, Drawing holistic intervention strategies religious o...