crude oil price and the u.s. effective exchange rate are two main economic variables that have had real effects on world welfare situation. the aim of this paper is to test whether there is a stable long-run relationship between oil prices and the u.s. dollar, expressed in real term. to this end, we perform co-integration and causality tests between the two variables, using quarterly data from ...

factor demand behavior such as energy demand has an important role in the economic analysis. this issue is a major concern in the developing countries (e.g. iran) which are benefited from vast energy resources. in this paper, the third generation of factor demand models is used to analyze the behavior of capital adjustment in the iranian manufacturing industries. the dataset covers the two-digi...

An optimising model of price adjustment with missing information is developed where firms choose the speed of price adjustment to minimise the expected loss in disequilibrium. The loss is due to lost profits and the expected cost of failing to coordinate price changes with competitors. Assuming that a higher speed of price adjustment decreases the former and increases the latter, it is shown th...

We present a method of speed adjustment as a means of controlling motion in of key-frame animation. This method is designed for key-point trajectories that are expressed as differentiable parametric curves. The animator is given a means of influencing the speed of a trajectory 's traversal by the direct manipulation of a speed-profile curve. Any adjustment of this curve is translated into an ad...

This paper presents fuzzy and conventional performance of model reference adaptive control(MRAC) to control a DC drive. The aims of this work are achieving better match of motor speed with reference speed, decrease of noises under load changes and disturbances, and increase of system stability. The operation of nonadaptive control and the model reference of fuzzy and conventional adaptive contr...