In evolutionary biology, the relationship between genotype and Darwinian fitness is known as a fitness landscape. These landscapes underlie natural selection, so understanding them would greatly improve quantitative prediction of evolutionary outcomes, guiding the development of synthetic living systems. However, the structure of fitness landscapes is essentially unknown. Our ability to experim...

A patient who made reproduction antique china dolls complained that wherever she touched the dolls' heads when painting them, black speckles appeared after the subsequent firing. Investigation by means of mass spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence showed that the clay was rich in iron, that the patient's sweat contained volatile sulphides whenever she ate garlic, and that the speckles consisted o...

An excellent quantitative evaluation method of SAR de-speckling filters needs to contain a comprehensive both noise smoothing and edge preservation. However, most existing models only evaluate single aspect, while few indicators lack robustness. For this reason, novel integrated is proposed. The proposed weighted by two sub-indicators: the coherent equivalent number looks preservation evaluatio...

Many passerine birds lay white eggs with reddish brown speckles produced by protoporphyrin pigment. However, the function of these spots is contested. Recently, the sexually selected eggshell coloration (SSEC) hypothesis proposed that eggshell color is a sexually selected signal through which a female advertises her quality (and hence the potential quality of her future young) to her male partn...

Abstract A survey was carried out in 19 districts to investigate the prevalence and distribution of sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) its implication on sustainability clean seed system Malawi. total 166 leaf samples were collected tested for presence 8 viruses using nitrocellulose membrane enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NCM-ELISA). SPVD foliar symptoms observed 68.42% surveyed districts. Th...

To date, color patterns have been used to assess cetacean age and taxonomic status, but few studies have determined precise correlates of coloration with known age or investigated its function. Here, we examine the ontogeny of speckling in 88 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Shark Bay, Australia, of known age, tracked from birth to age 34. Ventral speckles first appear in the genital area ...

Due to the inherent speckling and low contrast of ultrasonic images, the accurate and efficient location of regions of interest (ROIs) is still a challenging task for breast ultrasound (BUS) computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. In this paper, a fully automatic and efficient ROI generation approach is proposed. First, a BUS image is preprocessed to improve image quality. Second, a phase of ma...