background geographic information system (gis) software has been used in health care systems to display and analyze spatial pattern of diseases and health services. objectives this study was performed to assess spatial patterns of colon’s pathologic lesions based on the pathologic reports and assess whether it is possible to use gis software in health services. patients and methods archives of ...

Nowadays, geospatial information systems (GIS) are widely used to solve different spatial problems based on various types of fundamental data: spatial, temporal, attribute and topological relations. Topological relations are the most important part of GIS which distinguish it from the other kinds of information technologies. One of the important mechanisms for representing topological relations...