By extending the approach of Berry and Robnik, the limiting level spacing distribution of a system consisting of infinitely many independent components is investigated. The limiting level spacing distribution is characterized by a single monotonically increasing function mu(S) of the level spacing S. Three cases are distinguished: (1) Poissonian if mu(+ infinity)=0, (2) Poissonian for large S, ...

BACKGROUND The distribution of birth intervals can be used to draw attention to important characteristics of dynamics of fertility process. The main objective of this paper is to examine the effects of socioeconomic, demographic and proximate determinants on the length of birth intervals of women of Bangladesh and also to see whether the effects are changed over the years. METHODS Birth inter...

Block volumes are generally estimated by analyzing the discontinuity spacing measurements obtained either from the scan lines placed over the rock exposures or the borehole cores. Discontinuity spacing measurements made at the Mesozoic limestone quarries in Karaburun Peninsula were used to estimate the average block volumes that could be produced from them using the suggested methods in the lit...

We demonstrate controllable structural color based on periodic nanopatterned 2D lattices in pure protein films of silk fibroin. We show here periodic lattices in silk fibroin films with feature sizes of hundreds of nanometers that exhibit different colors as a function of varying lattice spacing. Further, when varying the index of refraction contrast between the nanopatterned lattice and its su...

We developed a novel two-dimensional (2-D) crystalline colloidal array photonic crystal sensing material for the visual detection of amphiphilic molecules in water. A close-packed polystyrene 2-D array monolayer was embedded in a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-based hydrogel film. These 2-D photonic crystals placed on a mirror show intense diffraction that enables them to be used for vis...

We investigate numerically the influence of Dirichlet boundary conditions on the nearest neighbor level spacing distribution P (s) of a two-dimensional disordered tightbinding model in the presence of a strong perpendicular magnetic field. From the calculation of the second moment of P (s) it is shown that for Dirichlet boundary conditions, due to the presence of edge states, the position of th...

We present an imaging modality capable of providing high-speed optical dispersion measurements of live cells. The technique permits wide-field measurement of the optical phase shifts introduced by a sample for multiple discrete wavelengths in a single image capture. Utilizing spatial modulation and the wavelength dependence of the interference-fringe spacing, average refractive index as a funct...

We calculate the critical value of the hopping parameter, κc, in Lattice QCD with Wilson fermions, to two loops in perturbation theory. This quantity is an additive renormalization; as such, it is characterized not only by the standard caveats regarding the asymptotic nature of perturbative results, but also by a linear divergence in the lattice spacing. Consequently, our calculation tests rath...

Abstract Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) detectors observe ionization electrons to measure charged particle trajectories and energy. In a LArTPC, the long time (∼ms) between when is produced it collected means that diffusion can smear charge by an amount comparable spatial resolution of detector, given spacing sensing channels (∼mm). This smearing has impact on distribution energy...

We present experimental results on two-qubit Rydberg-blockade quantum gates and entanglement in a twodimensional qubit array. Without postselection against atom loss we achieve a Bell state fidelity of 0.73 ± 0.05. The experiments are performed in an array of single Cs atom qubits with a site to site spacing of 3.8 μm. Using the standard protocol for a Rydberg-blockade CZ gate together with sin...