The effect of space flight in a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) shuttle was studied in pregnant rats. Rats were launched on day 9 of gestation and recovered on day 20 of gestation. On day 20 of gestation, rats were unilaterally hysterectomized and subsequently allowed to go to term and deliver vaginally. There was no effect of space flight on pituitary and ovary mass postpa...

Energy requirements during space flight are poorly defined because they depend on metabolic-balance studies, food disappearance, and dietary records. Water turnover has been estimated by balance methods only. The purpose of this study was to determine energy requirements and water turnover for shortterm space flights (8-14 d). Subjects were 13 male astronauts aged 36-5 1 y with normal body mass...

P S Y C H O L O G I C A L EFFECTS of space flight may arise from central nervous system changes produced by physiological stress or from emotional reactions to various aspects of the flight. Since either of these may disrupt crew performance or impair the health of crew members, potential sources of adverse psychological change must be identified and steps to control it must be taken. Man's beh...

Energy requirements during space flight are poorly defined because they depend on metabolic-balance studies, food disappearance, and dietary records. Water turnover has been estimated by balance methods only. The purpose of this study was to determine energy requirements and water turnover for short-term space flights (8-14 d). Subjects were 13 male astronauts aged 36-51 y with normal body mass...

Copyright @ 1999 by the International Astronautrical Federation Abstract: The ParaSat program, a new universitybased satellite development initiative, is described. The goal of this program is to produce student managed and engineered satellites capable of supporting both education and research. Educationally, these projects expose students to the following: 1) a range of subsystem technologies...

To explore the effect of space flight factors on the early development of alfalfa seedling, dry seeds were placed onboard a satellite for a 15-day flight. After retrieval, the ultra structure of seed coat and the chemical content of seed were tested, followed by tests for germinate ability, seedling growth, and mitotic and chromosome aberrations. Results showed that space flight factors have bo...

Optical fiber modulators are of great interest to space flight projects for communications and LIDAR applications. Due to the harsh environments and long duration for most missions, space flight applications have a unique set of demands for photonics parts. This study focuses on the reliability of commercially available optical fiber modulators for space flight environments. General failures mo...

In this study, flow cytometry was used to positively identify the specific lymphocyte subsets exhibiting space flight-induced alterations in cytokine production. Whole blood samples were collected from 27 astronauts at three points (one preflight, two postflight) surrounding four space shuttle missions. Assays performed included serum/urine stress hormones, white blood cell (WBC) phenotyping, a...