Immunization is aimed at the prevention of infectious diseases. In Nigeria, the National Programme on Immunization (NPI) suffers recurrent setbacks due to many factors including ethnicity and religious beliefs. Nigeria is made up of 36 states with its federal capital in Abuja. The country is divided into six geo-political zones; north central, north west, north east, south east, south west and ...

Toxoplasmosis is caused by intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908). Cats and other felids are the definitive hosts. It could be transmitted to man and animals by consumption of infected undercooked meat and contaminated food items including drinking water. Results of toxoplasmosis epidemiological surveys in animals and humans in South-West, North-West, No...

Dengue virus (DENV) is endemic in south-east Asia and Central to South America. In August 2010, a DENV infection was diagnosed in a German traveller returning from a trip to Croatia in south-east Europe. The patient presented with fever and other typical symptoms of DENV-infection. Virological investigation revealed the presence of DENV-specific IgM, a rise in DENV-specific IgG and the presence...

run through some fertile valleys lying between the various mountain chains. In one of these valleys is situated the town of Muscat. The eastern half of the northern side is exposed to the sea, while the western half, east and south-east are closed up by the hills. The whole is enclosed by a high wall, with bastions on the west and south. Its breadth from north to south is about 800 feet, and it...

BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by infection with Leishmania donovani complex, remains a major public health problem in endemic regions of South Asia, East Africa, and Brazil. If untreated, symptomatic VL is usually fatal. Rapid field diagnosis relies principally on demonstration of anti-Leishmania antibodies in clinically suspect cases. The rK39 immunochromatographic rapid diagn...

The Albanian Forum of Public Health (AFPH), an umbrella organization including different public health associations operating in Albania, was established in March 2004 with the support of the European Public Health Association (EUPHA) and the Open Society Institute (OSI). Ever since its establishment the AFPH has been an open arena wherein opinions and options for rational health policies compr...

The origin and radiation of nacellid limpets (genera, Cellana and Nacella) are not well-resolved, but fossil records provide evidence of a historical range spanning throughout the PaciWc, including North America (Lindberg and Hickman, 1986) north and south Australia, New Zealand, Java, Chile, and east and west Antarctica (Powell, 1973). The modern biogeographic range of Cellana is mostly tropic...